Lipdis Digestion

Question 1

In monogastric animals the digestion process involves the breakdown of lipid molecules into smaller ones that are eventually absorbed into the?

Answer 1

blood

Question 2

is the dispersion of lipids in small droplets.

Answer 2

Emulsification

Question 3

Dietary lipids (mostly triglycerides), upon their entry into the small intestine, are emulsified by?

Answer 3

bile salt

Question 4

Dietary lipids (mostly triglycerides), upon their entry into the small intestine, are emulsified by bile salt (also called bile acid) released from the?

Answer 4

gall bladder

Question 5

functions as a detergent (due to their OH and COOH groups)

Answer 5

Bile salt

Question 6

large lipid molecules form smaller lipid droplets surrounded by a layer of?

Answer 6

bile

Question 7

Emulsified lipids are acted upon by? For digestion

Answer 7

enzyme pancreatic lipase

Question 8

Emulsified lipids are acted upon by enzyme pancreatic lipase and converted into?

Answer 8

fatty acids, monoglycerides and glycerol.

Question 9

The lipid digestion products are assembled into?

Answer 9

micelles

Question 10

Are temporary combinations of bile salt, fatty acids, monoglycerides, and other fat-soluble substances such as vitamins and cholesterol.

Answer 10

micelles

Question 11

are water soluble and enable the lipid digestion products to be transported to the small intestinal surface for absorption.

Answer 11

micelles

Question 12

At the site of absorption, the micelle breaks down and the bile salt returns to the intestine for continuing?

Answer 12

emulsification processes (bile salt recycling)

Question 13

The components of micells are absorbed into the small intestine by?

Answer 13

passive diffusion

Question 14

In a nutshell, the ability to form micelles and the presence of bile salt are very important for lipid digestion, and the lack of it can affect?

Answer 14

digestibility

Question 15

are less efficient than unsaturated fatty acids in forming micelles

Answer 15

saturated fatty acids

Question 16

are temporary compounds formed during lipid absorption.

Answer 16

Micelles and chylomicrons

Question 17

a blend of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is used in?

Answer 17

animal rations

Question 18

Once inside the intestinal cell (or enterocyte), the monoglycerides and fatty acids are?

Answer 18

reesterified

Question 19

Once micells are inside the intestinal cell (or enterocyte), the monoglycerides and fatty acids are reesterified, and together with free and esterified cholesterol, lipoproteins and phospholipids are assembled into?

Answer 19

chylomicrons

Question 20

The chylomicrons are secreted into the?

Answer 20

lymphatic system

Question 21

In ruminant animals, the lipid content of the diet is ? and comes from different sources such as grass, leaves, oil seeds, or cereal grains.

Answer 21

low (under 5%)

Question 22

In ruminant animals, the lipid content of the diet is low (under 5%) and comes from different sources such as?

Answer 22

grass, leaves, oil seeds, or cereal grains

Question 23

are mainly galactolipids, phospholipids, waxes, pigments, and essential oils, and oil seed or grain lipids are mainly triglycerides.

Answer 23

Leaf or grass lipids

Question 24

In the rumen, there is no emulsifying agent or pancreatic lipase enzyme. Instead, there are?

Answer 24

rumen microbes producing microbial lipases.

Question 25

When dietary lipids enter the rumen, the initial step is the hydrolysis of the ester linkages in?

Answer 25

triglycerides, phospholipids, and glycolipids

Question 26

Hydrolysis of dietary lipids in ruminant animals is done by ?, which releases glycerol and fatty acids (free fatty acids) from the lipid backbone.

Answer 26

microbial lipases

Question 27

Glycerol is readily metabolized by the rumen bacteria to form?

Answer 27

propionic acid

Question 28

Feeding of supplemental fat increases the proportion of ? in ruminants.

Answer 28

propionic acid and the propionate:acetate ratio

Question 29

is the second major transformation that dietary lipids can undergo in the rumen.

Answer 29

Biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids

Question 30

Unsaturated fatty acids will undergo biohydrogenation and will be converted into?

Answer 30

conjugated linoleic acid

Question 31

undergo hydrolysis, biohydrogenation, and conjugated fatty acid formation in the rumen.

Answer 31

Lipids

Question 32

Too much ? can be toxic to rumen microbes.

Answer 32

unsaturated fatty acids