Lipdis Digestion Flashcards
In monogastric animals the digestion process involves the breakdown of lipid molecules into smaller ones that are eventually absorbed into the?
blood
is the dispersion of lipids in small droplets.
Emulsification
Dietary lipids (mostly triglycerides), upon their entry into the small intestine, are emulsified by?
bile salt
Dietary lipids (mostly triglycerides), upon their entry into the small intestine, are emulsified by bile salt (also called bile acid) released from the?
gall bladder
functions as a detergent (due to their OH and COOH groups)
Bile salt
large lipid molecules form smaller lipid droplets surrounded by a layer of?
bile
Emulsified lipids are acted upon by? For digestion
enzyme pancreatic lipase
Emulsified lipids are acted upon by enzyme pancreatic lipase and converted into?
fatty acids, monoglycerides and glycerol.
The lipid digestion products are assembled into?
micelles
Are temporary combinations of bile salt, fatty acids, monoglycerides, and other fat-soluble substances such as vitamins and cholesterol.
micelles
are water soluble and enable the lipid digestion products to be transported to the small intestinal surface for absorption.
micelles
At the site of absorption, the micelle breaks down and the bile salt returns to the intestine for continuing?
emulsification processes (bile salt recycling)
The components of micells are absorbed into the small intestine by?
passive diffusion
In a nutshell, the ability to form micelles and the presence of bile salt are very important for lipid digestion, and the lack of it can affect?
digestibility
are less efficient than unsaturated fatty acids in forming micelles
saturated fatty acids
are temporary compounds formed during lipid absorption.
Micelles and chylomicrons
a blend of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is used in?
animal rations
Once inside the intestinal cell (or enterocyte), the monoglycerides and fatty acids are?
reesterified
Once micells are inside the intestinal cell (or enterocyte), the monoglycerides and fatty acids are reesterified, and together with free and esterified cholesterol, lipoproteins and phospholipids are assembled into?
chylomicrons
The chylomicrons are secreted into the?
lymphatic system
In ruminant animals, the lipid content of the diet is ? and comes from different sources such as grass, leaves, oil seeds, or cereal grains.
low (under 5%)
In ruminant animals, the lipid content of the diet is low (under 5%) and comes from different sources such as?
grass, leaves, oil seeds, or cereal grains
are mainly galactolipids, phospholipids, waxes, pigments, and essential oils, and oil seed or grain lipids are mainly triglycerides.
Leaf or grass lipids
In the rumen, there is no emulsifying agent or pancreatic lipase enzyme. Instead, there are?
rumen microbes producing microbial lipases.
When dietary lipids enter the rumen, the initial step is the hydrolysis of the ester linkages in?
triglycerides, phospholipids, and glycolipids
Hydrolysis of dietary lipids in ruminant animals is done by ?, which releases glycerol and fatty acids (free fatty acids) from the lipid backbone.
microbial lipases
Glycerol is readily metabolized by the rumen bacteria to form?
propionic acid
Feeding of supplemental fat increases the proportion of ? in ruminants.
propionic acid and the propionate:acetate ratio
is the second major transformation that dietary lipids can undergo in the rumen.
Biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids
Unsaturated fatty acids will undergo biohydrogenation and will be converted into?
conjugated linoleic acid
undergo hydrolysis, biohydrogenation, and conjugated fatty acid formation in the rumen.
Lipids
Too much ? can be toxic to rumen microbes.
unsaturated fatty acids
