Chapter3 Flashcards
What is the generic structure of carbohydrates?
C(n)H(2n)O(n)
What is a monosaccharide?
A single sugar unit
What are the types of monosaccharides based on carbon moieties?
Triose (3-carbon), tetrose (4-carbon), pentose (5-carbon), hexose (6-carbon)
Which types of monosaccharides are most nutritionally important?
Pentoses and hexoses
What defines an aldose sugar?
Having an aldehyde group
What defines a ketose sugar?
Having a ketone group
Which sugars are classified as aldoses?
Glucose, mannose, and galactose
Which sugar is classified as a ketose?
Fructose
What is the form of sugars that is nutritionally important?
The D-form
What does the D and L notation refer to in sugars?
Stereo-orientation at asymmetric carbon positions
What type of bond links monosaccharides to form disaccharides or oligosaccharides?
Glycosidic bond
What type of glycosidic linkage is digested by mammalian enzymes?
Alpha 1,4 linkage
What type of glycosidic linkage is resistant to digestion?
Beta 1,4 linkage
What are the nutritionally significant disaccharides?
Sucrose and lactose
What are the two types of molecules that make up starch?
Amylose and amylopectin
