Proteins Flashcards
What are proteins made up of?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen (sulphur)
What are the basic building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
What does an amino acid include?
- Amino group
- Carboxyl group
- Side chain
What can two amino acids form when joint togther?
Dipeptide
-By condensation
What is the link between two amino acids called?
A peptide bond
How can peptide bond be broken down?
By hydrolysis
What does the further addition of amino acids to dipeptide form?
A polypeptide
How does the polypeptide form a 3d structure?
Coils and foils
Describe how different proteins are formed.
By the formation of a different amount of polypeptide
Why does each protein have a unique shape?
To perform different functions in our body
How many amino acids make up the proteins in our body?
20 amino acids
-12 non-essential amino acids, can be formed by our body
-8 essential amino acids, need to be obtained from our diet
Where can we obtain protein from?
Meat, fish, eggs, beans, milk, dairy products
-They are broken down into amino acids for absorption
What are the functions of proteins?
- Growth and repair
- Produce enzymes, antibodies, haemoglobin, hormones
- As an energy source
How much energy does each gram of protein provide?
18.2 kJ
What does the deficiency of proteins lead to?
Kwashiorkor
