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Biology > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

What is carbohydrates made up of?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen - C6H12O6
- H:O=2:1

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2
Q

What are the three groups of carbohydrates?

A
  1. Monosaccharides
  2. Disaccharides
  3. Polysaccharides
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3
Q

What is the simplest form of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides

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4
Q

What does disaccharides consist of?

A

Two or more monosaccharides

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5
Q

What does polysaccharides consist of?

A

Many monosaccharides

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6
Q

What is the reaction of joining disaccharides and monosaccharides called?

A

Condensation

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7
Q

What is the reaction of breaking down disaccharides and monosaccharides called?

A

Hydrolysis

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8
Q

What is added during hydrolysis?

A

Water molecule

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9
Q

What are the properties of monosaccharides and disaccharides?

A
  1. Called sugars
  2. Taste sweet
  3. Soluble in water
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10
Q

What are examples of monosaccharides?

A
  1. Glucose
  2. Fructose
  3. Galactose
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11
Q

Where can glucose and fructose be found in?

A

Fruits and honey

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12
Q

Where can galactose be found in?

A

Milk and dairy products

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13
Q

What are examples of disaccharides?

A
  1. Maltose
  2. Sucrose
  3. Lactose
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14
Q

What is lactose composed of?

A

Two glucose

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15
Q

What is sucrose composed of?

A

A glucose and a fructose

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16
Q

What is lactose composed of?

A

A glucose and a galactose

17
Q

What are the properties of polysaccharides?

A
  1. Very large molecules
  2. Do not taste sweet
  3. Insoluble in water
18
Q

What are examples of polysaccharides

A
  1. Starch
  2. Glycogen
  3. Cellulose
19
Q

What are starch, glycogen and cellulose made up of?

A

Glucose molecule, but arranged in different ways

20
Q

What is the major storage form of carbohydrates in plants?

A

Starch (rice, wheat)
-A major energy source in most diets

21
Q

What is the major storage form of carbohydrates in animals?

A

Glycogen

22
Q

Where is glycogen abundant in?

A

Liver and muscles

23
Q

What is the major storage form of carbohydrates in plant cell walls?

A

Cellulose

24
Q

What are the three functions of carbohydrates?

A
  1. As main energy source
  2. As energy reserves
  3. As a source of dietary fibre
25
Q

How is monosaccharides absorbed?

A

Monosaccharides taken into the body are directly absorbed and used to provide energy

26
Q

How are disaccharides and starch absorbed?

A

Disaccharides and starch are broken into monosaccharides for absorption.

27
Q

How much does each gram of carbohydrates provide?

A

17.1 kj

28
Q

When carbohydrate are taken in excess, what are they turned into?

A

Converted into glycogen in the liver and muscles as energy reserves

29
Q

What is glycogen broken down into when needed?

A

Glucose

30
Q

Can cellulose be digested?

A

No

31
Q

How is cellulose important to our body?

A

As an important source of dietary fibre

32
Q

What is the test for glucose?

A

Glucose test paper

33
Q

What is the positive result of the glucose test paper?

A

Changes from blue to brown (A change in colour of the test paper)

34
Q

What is the test for reducing sugars?

A

Benedict’s test

35
Q

What are the procedures of the Benedict’s test?

A
  1. Add equal volume of Benedict’s solution to food samples and control set-up
  2. Boil it in a water bath for 5 minutes
36
Q

What is the positive result of the Benedict’s test?

A

A brick-red precipitate

37
Q

What is the test for starch?

A

Iodine test

38
Q

What is the procedure of the iodine test?

A

Add iodine solution to the food sample

39
Q

What is the positive result of the iodine test?

A

Changes from brown to blue-black

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