Proteins Flashcards
what are the polar side chain amino acids?
serine
Threonine
Tryosine
Aspargine
Glutamine
which are the basic amino acids?
positively charged
lysine
arginine
histidine
what are proteinogenic amino acids
make up proteins
what are non proteinogenic amino acid examples and their function?
GABA is a neurotransmitter
Carnitine transports fatty acids in the blood
tend to be made in post protein translational modification
describe the alpha helix
right hand spiral
3.6(13) helix
NH backbone donates H to COO
describe the beta sheets
zig zag
strands run antiparallel, connected by hydrogen bonds to form sheets
which bonds are in the tertiary structure
hydrogen
electrostatic interaction
hydrophobic interactions
how is sickle cell anemia caused
haemoglobin is mutated
Glu6 to Valine on the side chain
valine binds to a different Hb forming a strand
this sickles the erythrocytes
name a loss of function effect
cystic fibrosis
name a gain of function effect
alzheimers
parkinsons
huntingtons
how can amino acids be classified
polar/ nonpolar
charged/non charged
aliphatic/aromatic
proteinogenic/non proteinogenic
essential
conditionally essential
non essential
what makes an amino acid essential
cannot be obtained in the body, must be obtained through diet
what makes an amino acid conditionally essential
in conditions of stress they must be untaken through diet to help with body function
what makes an amino non essential
can be synthesised by the body
