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Cells and Genes SF1 > cell division > Flashcards

cell division Flashcards

1
Q

what are the stages in order

A

interphase
prophase
pro-metaphase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
cytokinesis

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2
Q

what occurs during the interphase G1

A

cell grows
organelles double in size

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3
Q

what occurs during the interphase S

A

chromosomes replicated
centrosomes replicated

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4
Q

what occurs during the interphase G2

A

error checks

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5
Q

what occurs at the 1st checkpoint

A

nutrient, size check
DNA check

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6
Q

what occurs at the 2nd checkpoint

A

size, DNA damage during replication

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7
Q

what occurs during prophase

A

chromosomes
mitotic spindle forms
centrosomes move
centromere forms

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8
Q

what occurs during prometaphase

A

nuclear envelope breaks down
chromosomes attach to kinetochore complex

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9
Q

what is the kinetochore complex

A

protein complex in the centromere that attach the chromosomes to the mitotic spindle

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10
Q

what occurs during metaphase

A

chromosomes align at the equator
sister chromatids attach to opposite poles of the spindle

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11
Q

what occurs at the meta anaphase checkpoint

A

check chromosomes are attached to the spindle

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12
Q

what occurs during anaphase

A

sister chromatids attach
kinetochore microtubules shorten
sister chromatids pulled to opposite poles

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13
Q

what occurs during telophase

A

nuclear envelope forms around fragments
contractile ring forms around the equator

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14
Q

what occurs during cytokinesis

A

contractile ring contracts to partion the cytoplasm
makes 2 daughter cells

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15
Q

what is the role of the cytoskeleton?

A

actin within the contractile ring
motor proteins move the chromosomes
kinetochore microtubules attach to spindle

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16
Q

what is haploid?

A

single set of a chromosome in a cell

17
Q

what is diploid?

A

complete set of chromosomes in a cell

18
Q

why is meiosis needed for gamete production?

A

cause genetic variation
gametes are haploid, so offspring receives 1 chromosome from each parent

19
Q

what are the stages of prophase 1

A

leptotene
zygotene
pachytene
diplotene
diakinesis

20
Q

when do chromosomes condense

A

leptotene

21
Q

what occurs in zygotene

A

homologous chromosomes align and are linked by synaptonemal complexes

22
Q

when does crossing over occur

A

prophase 1
Pachytene

23
Q

what occurs at diplotene

A

synaptonemal broken down

24
Q

what occurs and diakinesis

A

chromosomes condense at max

25
Q

how does meiosis cause genetic variation

A

chromosome recombination
random assortment

26
Q

when does independent assortment occur

A

metaphase 1

27
Q

name the differences between mitosis and meiosis

A

mitosis is 1 division, meiosis is 2
mitosis makes 2 cells, meiosis makes 4
mitosis makes genetically identical cells
meiosis are haploid
mitosis makes body cells, meiosis makes gametes

Cells and Genes SF1 (11 decks)

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