lipids Flashcards
Describe the features of a polyunsaturated fatty acid
And give an example of were this is found in the integument
Has multiple double bonds which lead to more kinks in the chain.
This increases the fluidity of the membrane
Which decreases the melting point
Found in reindeer hoofs as to maintain fluidity in the cold
What is the omega number
Which carbon counting from the end lies the double bond
What is arachiodonic acid
Omega 6
What is the function of corticosteroids
Treat inflammation
What are chilomicrons?
Proteins that triglycerides get exported around the blood and lymphatic system in
What happens to triglycerides in the body
Lipoprotein pathway:
They are digested in the small intestines as they can’t Cross the cell membrane
They get hydrolysed into fatty acids and glycerol in entrrocytes
After breakdown fa get converted b TGA’s and exported into the blood and lymphatic system by chilomicrons as chyle
returned to the vascular system to supply tissues with gas for energy
Some tryglycerides get used up imnmediety and hydrolysed by lipases the glycerol enters the liver to become glucose in glucogenesis
Fatty acids undergo B oxidation
What happens to excess chilomicrons?
Sent to the liver, gets synthesised into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes
lipogenesis
Describe lipogenesis
Excess glucose converted to fa, tag for longterm storage in the adipocytes this occurs in the liver
Glycerol + acetyl coa → TAG
TAG → VLDLs to be transported to adipocytes
What is lupolysis?
Tags in adipocytes get broken down into fa and glycerol (lipid droplets) for energy
This is used during fasting
Where does beta oxidation occur?
Mitochondria
Outline the stages of Beta oxidation
Fatty acid + Coa → fatty acyl CoA (made with fatty acyl coa synthase)
Fatty acyl coa (CP1) → acyl carnitine
Acyl carnitine (CP1) → Fatty acid coa
Acyl carnitine enters mitochondrial matrix by facilitated diffusion ( carnitine acyl carnitine translocase)
Acetyl coa enters aerobic respiration
What is the process of converting acetyl coa to ketones.
And how can it be identified
Ketogenisis
Acetone in the breath
Describe twin lamb disease
Pregnancy toxemia:
Not enough glucose for mother and twin needs
Adipose storage is hydrolysed, beta oxidation occurs leading to excess coa production, leads to ketoacedosis due to ketogenesis
What are sphingolipids?
1 fatty acid linked to sphingosine and a head group
They are a type of glycerolphospholipds
What is the function of bile acids?
Regulate cholesterol levels by breaking down dietary lipids
Primary and secondary bile acids will be converted to conjugated bile acids
1 bile acids get dehydroxylated to 2 bile acids
