mechanisms of cell deviance Flashcards
how can mutations be prevented
cell cycle controle
proof reading
degenerate genetic code
how does cancer occur?
if a mutation gives a cell an advantage it will proliferate.
paracrine signalling cause neighbouring cells to proliferate.
mutates again advantage continues to outcompete neighbouring cells
3rd increased advantage leads to too much proliferation and cells become invasive.
what is a gain of function mutation that can lead to cancer
Oncogene
what is a proto-oncogene
pre oncogone
aka the gene involved in cell growth
what are the functions of RAS proteins?
signal cell proliferation
what is neoplasia
new growth
what is neoplasm
uncontrollable growth
what is oncology
swelling
what is anaplasia
loss of differentiation
how can a mutation in RAS proteins lead to cancer
mutation stops GTP hydrolysing, meaning the RAS will always be active, leading to excess proliferation
what is a tumour supressor gene, and how can a mutation in it lead to cancer?
a loss of function
it is recessive so there must be a mutation in both alleles in order for it to no longer inhibit proliferation
what proteins are found in most tumour supressor genes
P53
what causes a mutation in both alleles
mitotic recombination
gene conversion
frameshift mutations
what is senescence
when cells loose their ability to proliferate
give an describe antagonistic pleitropy
testosterone producing cells will stop proliferating after pubity