Cell Death Flashcards

1
Q

what is necrosis

A

non programmed cell death
cells swell and burst

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1
Q

what causes necrosis

A

accidental trauma

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2
Q

what is apoptosis

A

programmed cell death requires ATP

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3
Q

when is apoptosis needed

A

defence
for development

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4
Q

what are the different types of apoptosis

A

extrinsic pathway and intrinsic pathway

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5
Q

describe the extrinsic pathway

A

extracellular signals bind to death receptor
cause them to cluster
adaptor proteins interact with the receptors through death domains
Death inducing signalling complex activates Caspase 8
causes a cascade of caspace 3/6/7
this cleaves cellular components

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6
Q

describe the intrinsic pathway

A

mitochondrial membrane changes
permeability increases so proteins are released into the cytoplasm ex) cyt c which activates caspace 9

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7
Q

what causes the mitochondrial membrane to change in the intrinsic pathway

A

negative factors - absence of hormones
positive - toxins infection, hypoxia, radiation

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8
Q

what mitochondrial protein interacts with caspace 9

A

Cyt C

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9
Q

which proteins regulate the release of Cyt C

A

Bcl2
Bcl - X - anti - aoptotic
Bax
Bid
Bad - pro - apoptotic

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10
Q

what occurs to the cell as it is getting apoptosed

A

cell and nucleus shrink
nuclear proteins + DNA + Chromatin condense
blebs form and bud of the cell
signals sent to macrophages to engulf apoptic bodies

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11
Q

what is autophagy

A

self eating

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12
Q

when is autophagy used

A

when the cell is starving, cell content is degrades by lysosomes

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13
Q

what are the markers in autophagy

A

ULK
Beclin
LC3

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14
Q

when does autophagy inhibit apoptosis

A

when conditions improve

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15
Q

when does autophagy cause cell death

A

when the cell is unable to trigger apoptosis

16
Q

when is apoptosis used?

A

synapse formation in the brain
tadpole tail regretion
destroy viruses, cancer cells
deal with DNA damage