Protein synthesis W4

Question 1

what is translation

Answer 1

synthesis of protein under direction of mRNA

Question 2

what three components does translation require

Answer 2

mRNA
tRNA
rRNA

Question 3

what is the broad role of mRNA

Answer 3

acts as a template

Question 4

broad role of tRNA

Answer 4

acts as an adaptor

Question 5

broad role of rRNA

Answer 5

the protein making machine

Question 6

definition of protein synthesis

Answer 6

joining amino acids by peptide bonds

Question 7

what is tRNA

Answer 7

specialised RNA molecule that acts as an adaptor between amino acid and mRNA

Question 8

what is a ribonucleoprotein

Answer 8

a ribosome

Question 9

what is a ribosome made out of

Answer 9

rRNA and protein

Question 10

what is the rhibosome small subunit

Answer 10

the bottom part of a ribosome

Question 11

what does a ribosome hold together (3)

Answer 11

polypeptide chain, tRNAand mRNA

Question 12

what are the two components of a ribosome

Answer 12

ribosome small subunit

ribosome large subunit

Question 13

the …… loop of the tRNA base

pairs with the … in the mRNA

Answer 13

anticodon loop in tRNA base pairs with the codon in mRNA

Question 14

what is the anticodon loop

Answer 14

the bottom part of tRNA that contains 3 bases that pair with the codon in mRNA

Question 15

to which part of the tRNA does the specific amino acid bind to

Answer 15

the 3’ `end

Question 16

describe the process of translation vague steps

Answer 16

1 ribosome binds to mRNA

2. tRNA floating around in cell binds to corresponding AAs
3. tRNA bound to amino acid enters ribosome at Asite
4. at the p-site PEPTIDYL TRANSFERASE catalyses formation of peptide bond betwee amino acid in A site and P site
5. empty tRNA leaves via E site

Question 17

what is the name of the enzyme found at the P site

Answer 17

peptidyl transferase

Question 18

where to start and finish making a protein

Answer 18

start codon AUG
stop codon UGA
UAG
UAA

Question 19

all protein synthesis begins on ….ribosomes found in cytosol

Answer 19

free

Question 20

where is the n terminal

Answer 20

mRNA

Question 21

what does the N terminal dictate

Answer 21

whether protein synthesis will continue of free ribosome or the ribosome will need to bind to rER

Question 22

what are the two possible broad destinations of proteins give two examples off each

Answer 22

intracellular (egmitochondria or cytosol

extracellular eg secreted from cell or membrane proteins

Question 23

what happens to translation one N signal sequence is detected

Answer 23

translation pauses until ribosome attaches to the rER

Question 24

process of n signal sequence (4 steps)

Answer 24

signal sequence synthesised

signal binds to signal recognition particle

signal recognition particle binds to signal recognition particle receptor on rER membrane

protein continuesto synthesise into lumen of rER

Question 25

role in disease

Answer 25

alzheimer’s amyloid plaques

prion diseases

diamond-blackfan anemia

treacher collins syndrom