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Bio /chem/cell > Cytoskeleton W2 > Flashcards

Cytoskeleton W2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three classes of filaments

A

Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Micro tumbles

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2
Q

What are the roles of filaments in the cytoskeleton (4)

A
  • Structure and support/mechanical stability
  • intracellular transport
  • cellular motility
  • spatial organisation
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3
Q

Microfilament diameter

A

7nm

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4
Q

Intermediate filament diameter

A

10nm

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5
Q

Microtubules diameter

A

25 nm

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6
Q

What are microfilaments made of

A

Actin subunits arranged in a long spiral chain

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7
Q

Where are microfilaments found

A

Beneath cell cortex

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8
Q

2 properties of microfilaments

A

Dynamic

Have a plus minus end

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9
Q

Why are microfilaments dynamic

A

They rapidly polymerise and depolymerise

They grow and shrink via addition or removal of actin subunits

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10
Q

What happens at the plus end of a microfilament

A

Faster addition/removal of actin subunits

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11
Q

What happens at the minus end of a microfilament

A

Slower addition/removal of actin subunits

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12
Q

Microfilament roles in a cell(2)

A

Acts as a track for myosin motor motility

Enables cells to hold and move specialised shapes

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13
Q

Examples of microfilaments role in shape change and movement of a cell (2)

A

Involved in membrane pinching process in cell division

Formation of pseudopodia

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14
Q

What is pseudopodia

A

Eg microvilli

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15
Q

Are intermediate filaments more or less dynamic that microfilaments

A

Less

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16
Q

What is the role of intermediate filaments in the cell (2)

A

Stabilise organelle position

Support cell structure

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17
Q

What are intermediate filaments made from

A

Fibres: protein subunits vary

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18
Q

What are the protein subunits of intermediate filaments found in epithelial cells

A

Keratin

19
Q

What are the protein subunits of intermediate filaments found in fibroblasts

A

Vimentin

20
Q

Roles of microtubules (5)

A

Cell division

Intracellular organisation

Transport tracks for motor proteins to move cargo

Muscle contraction

Power flagella and cilia

21
Q

What are microtubules made form

A

Long hollow tubules made from Polymers of tubulin

22
Q

Microtubules - made from polymers of tubulin - polymers f tubulin made from ……..

A

Alpha and beta tubulin

23
Q

What is a protofilament

A

Row of 10-15 alpha and beta tubulin that make up microtubules

24
Q

Are microtubules directional

A

Yes

25
Q

Microtubules are directional what does this mean

A

They have a + and - end

26
Q

What is found at the negative end of a microtubule

A

Capping protein

27
Q

Which end is the capping protein found on

What type of filament is r found on

A

Negative end of microtubule

28
Q

How are microtubules organised

A

Via microtubule organising centres

29
Q

Which end of microtubule is anchored in the microtubule organising centre

A

Minus end

30
Q

What is the primary microtubule organising centre in a cell called

A

Centrosome

31
Q

Where is the primary microtubule organising centre in a cell found

A

Near the nucleus

32
Q

Examples of motor proteins (2)

A

Dynein

Kinesin

33
Q

What are motor proteins

A

Proteins whose structure allows them to step along microfilaments or microtubules

34
Q

What to motor proteins require to move

A

ATP

35
Q

What blocks myosin binding sites at rests

A

Topomysin

36
Q

What moves tropomysin during muscle contraction

A

Calcium ions

37
Q

What does ATP do to myosin head

A

Detaches myosin head from myosin binding site

38
Q

What does release of ADP and Pi do to myosin head

A

Attached it to binding site

39
Q

What are flagella and cilia

A

Microtubule based projections of plasma membrane

40
Q

What are flagella and cilia built up from

A

Microtubules and dynein

41
Q

Filament role in disease (3)

A

Neurodegenerative disease

Cancer

Blistering skin disease

42
Q

Filament role in neurodegenerative disease

A

Neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer’s disease

43
Q

Filament role in cancer

A

Error in mitosis

44
Q

Filament role in blistering skin disease

A

Epidermolysis simplex due to mutations in keratin

Bio /chem/cell (13 decks)

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