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Bio /chem/cell > Lipids W2 > Flashcards

Lipids W2 Flashcards

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1
Q

lipids, general functions(6)

A
  • energy
  • insulation
  • protection
  • transport
  • signalling mollecules and hormones
  • immunity and inflamitory response
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2
Q

example of fats involved in signalling molecules and hormones(3)

A

eicosanoids
cholesterol
steroid hormone (is lipid soluble)

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3
Q

what elements are lipids made from

A

C H O

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4
Q

both lipids and carbohydrates are made up of C H O, what makes them different(2)

A

different ratios

less polar bonds due to less oxygen

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5
Q

where is fat stored

A

adipose tissue

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6
Q

four primary types of lipids

A

triglycerides
phospholipids
cholesterol
eicosanoids

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7
Q

basic unit of lipids

A

fatty acid

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8
Q

basic structure of fatty acid (3)

A
  • omega (methyl) end
  • hydrophobic carbon chain
  • hydrophilic carboxyl end
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9
Q

which is the hydrophobic part of a fatty acid

A

the carbon chain

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10
Q

which is the hydrophilic part of a fatty acid chain

A

the carboxyl end

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11
Q

the fist carbon down from the carboxyl carbon on a fatty acid is the ……carbon

A

beta

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12
Q

what are saturated fatty acid

A

hasno c-c double bonds

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13
Q

how are carbon atoms added to/removed from saturated fatty acids

A

in 2s

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14
Q

are unsaturated fatty acids essential

A

no

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15
Q

two types of unsaturated fatty acids (based on number of double bonds)

A

mono and poly

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16
Q

in poly unsaturated fatty acids, how far apart are the c=c double bonds

A

3 c atoms c=c_c_c=c

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17
Q

example of monunsaturated fatty acid (1) and where(what food) is it found(2)

A

Oleic aicd

  • various plant and animal sources
  • lots in olive oil
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18
Q

example of polyunsaturated fatty acid(1) and what food its found in(1)

A

alpha linolenic aicd

seed based oils

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19
Q

essential fatty acids, which bonds (2)

A

omega 3

omega 6

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20
Q

what are omega 3 fatty acids essential for (2)

A

development of nervous system and retina

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21
Q

what are omega 6 fatty acids essential for (1)

A

key component of phospholipid membrane

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22
Q

what do omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids have in common

A

they are both essential

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23
Q

name a key omega 3 fatty acid

A

ALA: alpha linolenic acid

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24
Q

name a key omega 6 fatty acid

A

LA: linolenic acid

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25
Q

structure of alpha-linolenic acid

A

C18: 3, w3

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26
Q

structure of linolenic acid

A

C18, 2, w6

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27
Q

what type of fatty acid is alpha linolenic acid

A

polyunsaturated, omega three

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28
Q

what type of fatty acid is linolenic acid

A

polyusaturated: omega 6

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29
Q

two types of UNSATURATED fatty acids based on overall shape of double bond

A

cis

trans

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30
Q

what affects the function of a fatty acid (3)

A

number
location
and type (cis or trans) of double bond

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31
Q

unsaturated fatty acids cis configuration shape of molecule

A

bent

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32
Q

unsaturated fatty acid, trans configuration shape of molecule

A

straight

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33
Q

trans fatty acids have a similar shape and act in similar way to …..fatty acids

A

unsaurated

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34
Q

why are cis fatty acids considered good

A

increase fluidity of lipidbilayer

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35
Q

why are trans fatty acids bad

A

decrease fluidity of lipid bilayer

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36
Q

high levels of trans fatty acid and saturated fatty acid intake may lead to… (2)

A

high cholesterol levels

risk of cardiovascular disease

37
Q

where is the diet can you find saturated fatty acids (4)and others)

A

animal foods -

meat dairy
butter oils

coconut, palm, palm kernel oils

38
Q

where is the diet can you find monounsaturated fatty acids (5)and others)

A 
nuts 
olives
avocados
meat products
oils -olive, grape seed, macadamia nut, sesame seed oils
39
Q

where is the diet can you find polyunsaturated fatty acids - omega 3 (4)

A

fish - salmon
dark green leafy veg
flaxseed walnuts and soybeans

40
Q

where is the diet can you find polyunsaturated fatty acids - omega 6 (2)

A

veg oils

flaxseed wallnuts and soybeans

41
Q

how are TGs formed

A

condensation of 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol

42
Q

do triglycerides have long term or short term storage

A

long term

43
Q

does triglyceride storage have limits

A

not really

44
Q

other than fatty acids, TG can be made from … (2)

A

glucose

amino acids

45
Q

can TG be turned into glucose or AAs

A

no

46
Q

catabolism of TG produces…

A

energy

47
Q

TG as energy source mainly used ny..(3)

A

liver
heart
skeletal muscle

48
Q

beta oxidation requires presence of…

A

oxygen

49
Q

TG supplies ….-….% of our energy at rest

A

50-60

50
Q

how much energy does 1g of TG provide

A

9cal

51
Q

how is cholesterol different from other lipids

A

contains four aromatic rings with short hydrocarbon tail

52
Q

key functions of cholesterol(3)

A
  • key component of plasma membrane
  • key component of bile which aids in digestion of fats
  • production of steroid and VitD
53
Q

what part of cholesterol is used in the production of steroid hormones

A

the aromatic ring

54
Q

where in the diet is cholesterol found?(4)

A

cheese
shell fish
egg yolk
meat

55
Q

where is cholesterol made primarily

A

liver

56
Q

is cholesterol essential

A

no

57
Q

what lipids serve key roles in the phospholipid membrane (3)

A

polyunsaturated
phospholipids
cholesterol

58
Q

how does cholesterol help maintain membrane fluidity

A

disrupts the regular interactions between phospholipids

59
Q

how is cholesterol positioned in the phospholipid membrane

A

ring structure near phospholipid heads

fatty acid tail buried in hydrophobic tails

60
Q

when are eicosanoids made

A

as required

61
Q

what are the main functions of eicosanoids

they are in control of…. (3)

A
  • blood clotting
  • blood pressure
  • immune system and inflammatory response
62
Q

where/how are eicosanoids made

A

20-c polyunsaturatedFAchains that are cleaved from the phosphoipid membrane

63
Q

two ways in which lipids are transported

A

free fatty acids bind to albumin

lipoproteins

64
Q

what is albumin

A

plasma protein

65
Q

free fatty acids that are bound to albumin usually travel from ….. to ……

A

adipose tissue

other places

66
Q

lipoproteins travel from…. to …..

A

other places

adipose tissue

67
Q

primary components of lipoprotein (4)

A

in —> out
TG
phospholipid +cholesterol
apolipoprotein

68
Q

fist lipoprotein to be made

A

chylomicrons

69
Q

what are chylomicrons composed of

A

90% TG

70
Q

after ….% of TG is removed from chylomicrons the chylomichron remnant travels to the …….

A

80%

liver

71
Q

where are chylomicrons made

A

enterocytes of small intestine

72
Q

VLDL primarily consist of ….

A

TG

73
Q

VLDL= …..% TG

A

60%

74
Q

LDL consist primarily of ….

A

cholesterol

75
Q

LDL=……% cholesterol

A

45%

76
Q

HDL consist primarily of …

A

protein

77
Q

HDL=…-….% protein

A

45-50%

78
Q

what do HDLs do

A

binds to plasma cholesterol and transports it to liver

79
Q

lipoproteins in order of HIGH –>LOW TG content

A

chylomicrons
VLDL
LDL
HDL

80
Q

journey of chylomicron: from…..to…..

what does it transport

A

small intestine body cells

fats

81
Q

journey of VLDL: from… to …

what does it transport

A

liver
adipose tissue

TG

82
Q

journey of LDL: from….. to ….

what does it transport

A

liver
peripheral tissues

cholesterol

83
Q

journey of HDL: from…. to…..

what does it transport

A

plasma membrane
liver

cholesterol

84
Q

where are VLDLs and LDLs made

A

liver

85
Q

what is the name of the enzyme that increases TG breakdown and where is it found

A

Hormone sensitive lipase

adipose tissue

86
Q

what activates hormone sensitive lipase (2)

A

glucagon and epinephrine

87
Q

benefits of essential fatty acids (w6 and w3)

A

decrease the risk of CDV

88
Q

fat contributes to …..% of our calorie intake

A

30%

89
Q

too much saturated fatty acids in diest can increase risk of ….(4)

A

obesity
metabolic syndrome
type 2 diabetes
cardiovascular disease

Bio /chem/cell (13 decks)

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