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Drugs - 3rd Year > Protein Synthesis Inhibitors > Flashcards

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors Flashcards

1
Q

What are the aminoglycs?

A

Gentamicin, Neomycin, Amikacin (Amikin), Tobramycin, Streptomycin (GNATS)

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2
Q

MOA Aminoglycs?

A

Inhibit formation of initiation complex and cause misreading of mRNA, blocks translocation

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3
Q

What are aminoglycs specifically ineffective at covering? Why?

A

Anaerobes b/c require O2 for uptake

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4
Q

Aminoglyc coverage?

A

Severe G- rod

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5
Q

Which aminoglyc is used for boweel surgery?

A

Neomycin

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6
Q

Toxicity of Aminoglycs

A

Nephrotox, Neuromsk blockade, ototox, teratogen

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7
Q

Aminoglyc MOR

A

Bacterial transferase enzymes inactivate drug by acetylation, phosph, or adenylation

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8
Q

What are the tetracyclines?

A

Tetracycline (Sumycin), doxycycline , minocycline

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9
Q

MOA of Tetracyclines?

A

Bind to 30S and prevent attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA

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10
Q

What is a limit of tetracyclines?

A

Limited CNS penetration

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11
Q

A pt w/ which comorbidity should doxy be used? Why?

A

Fecally eliminated - can be used in renal failure,

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12
Q

Dietary restrictions when taking tetracyclines?

A

No milk or antacids or iron-containing preps b/c they decrease absorption in gut

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13
Q

Clinical use of tetracyclines?

A

B. burgdorferi, M. pneumoniae, Rickettsia, Chlamydia

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14
Q

Why are tetras so effective against Rickettsia and Chlamydia?

A

Good intracellular accumulation

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15
Q

Contraindications to tetracycline use?

A

Children, pregnant women (Teeth discoloration and teratogenicity)

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16
Q

MOR tetracyclines?

A

Decreased uptake/Increased efflux via plasmid-encoded pump

17
Q

What are the Macrolides?

A

Azithromycin (Zithromax), Clarithromycin (Biaxin), erythromycin

18
Q

MOA of Macrolides?

A

Inhibit protein synth by blocking translocation; bind to 23S rRNA of 50S ribosomal subunit

19
Q

Macrolide coverage?

A

Atypical pneumonias (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella), G+ cocci (Strep infections in patients allegic to penicillin)

20
Q

Macrolide toxicity?

A

GI motility issues, Arrhythmia caused by prolonged QT, acute cholestatic hepatitis, eosinophilia, Rash

21
Q

Cross-reactivity of Macrolides?

A

Increases serum conc of theophyllines, and oral anticoags

22
Q

MOR of macrolides?

A

Methylation of 23S rRNA-binding site prevents binding of drug

23
Q

To what class does Clindamycin (Cleocin) belong?

A

Clindamycin

24
Q

MOA of Clindamycin

A

Blocks peptide transfer (translocation) at 50S ribosomal subunit

25
Q

Clindamycin coverage?

A

Anaerobes (Bacteroides spp, Clostridium perfringens), in aspiration pneumo, lung abscesses, and oral infections, effective against invasive GAS infection

26
Q

Tx of anaerobes above diaphragm vs anaerobes below diaphragm

A

Clinda and metronidazole respectively

27
Q

Common SE of Clinda?

A

C. diff

Drugs - 3rd Year (7 decks)

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