Protein Synthesis 3.10

Question 1

DNA size

Answer 1

DNA is too big to leave the nucleus so needs to find another way to get genetic information out of the cell

Question 2

Transcription

Answer 2

Copying the base sequences of DNA so that it can be transported out of the cell in a smaller form called mRNA

Question 3

Sense strand

Answer 3

The strand that runs 5’ to 3’ and this contains the sequence that will code for the proteins and read in the ribosome

Question 4

Anti-sense strand

Answer 4

The anti-sense strand that runs 3’ to 5’ will be used as a template that free nucleotides will join to so the real sequence will be the same as the sense strand

Question 5

mRNA

Answer 5

Transcribed from the DNA molecule and transcription stops at the end of the gene. It’s called messenger RNA as it contains all the genetic information that can leave the nucleus and send it to the ribosome. Uracil replaces thymine

Question 6

Translation

Answer 6

This when the ribosome will translate the mRNA into an amino acid sequence so that it can form proteins

Question 7

tRNA

Answer 7

Transfer RNA is a form of RNA necessary for translation. It has a strand of RNA that is folded in such a way that 3 bases called the anticodon are at the end of the molecule. tRNA also carries in an amino acid per molecule.

Question 8

Anticodon

Answer 8

The three bases on the end of a tRNA molecule that will form complementary base pairs with the mRNA sequence

Question 9

Amino acid sequence formation

Answer 9

While the anticodons bind to the mRNA the amino acids are brought together and form peptide bonds between them which is catalysed by peptidyl transferase which is the rRNA part of the ribosome

Question 10

Ribosome role

Answer 10

Ribosomes are the binding site of the mRNA and tRNA and they move alog the mRNA sequence until they get to the stop codon at the end of the gene, that’s when the polypeptide is released.

Question 11

tRNA release

Answer 11

Once the amino acids are joined together the tRNA molecules are released and the next tRNA molecule will bind to the mRNA. Only 2 tRNA molecules can be bound at the same time

Question 12

Amino acid chains

Answer 12

As the amino acids are being bound together in their primary structure, they are also folding into their secondary and tertiary structures. The way they fold depends on the sequence of amino acids.