DNA Replication 3.9 Flashcards

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1
Q

DNA replication

A

When one strand of DNA unzips and it’s exposed bases will be joined by free nucleotides to produce two genetically identical strands of DNA

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2
Q

Semi-conservative DNA

A

One strand is the old parental DNA strand and the other strand is the newly replicated one

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3
Q

DNA helicase

A

The enzyme responsible for breaking the hydrogen bonds between bases to unzip the DNA strand

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4
Q

DNA polymerase

A

The enzyme responsible for synthesising the phosphodiester bonds between the newly joined nucleotides

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5
Q

Continuous replication

A

The strand that goes 3’ to 5’ is the leading strand as DNA polymerase travels in the right direction and can connect all the nucleotides continuously.

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6
Q

Discontinuous replication

A

The strand that goes 5’ to 3’ is the lagging strand as the DNA polymerase travels in the opposite direction so will only synthesis little sections of DNA at a time when there;s an unzipping of the strand. This creates Okazaki fragments

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7
Q

Mutations

A

When there is an error in the replication of DNA that results from the sequence being read incorrectly

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8
Q

Genetic code

A

A sequence of DNA bases that code for an amino acid which in turn will code for a protein

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9
Q

Triplet code

A

A codon which is three bases and each codon codes for one amino acid

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10
Q

Degenerate code

A

The fact that many codons will code for one specific amino acid because there are more possibilities of codons than amino acids

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