Definitions Flashcards
Covalent Bonds
Electrostatic attraction between the nucleus and shared pair of electrons
Ionic Bonds
When atoms donate or receive electrons from another atom
Cation
Positive ion that has more protons than electrons and has lost electrons
Anion
Negative ion that has more electrons than protons and has gained electrons
Polar
Has regions of negativity and positivity
Hydroxyl Group
A bond between an oxygen and hydrogen atom, is covalent (O-H)
Hydrogen Bond
The relatively weak attractions between molecules with a partially positive region and partially negative region.
Carbohydrates
Contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Are hydrated carbons
Monosaccharide
One sugar unit e.g. glucose, fructose, ribose
Disaccharide
Two monosaccharides linked together e.g. sucrose, maltose, lactose
Polysaccharide
When multiple monosaccharides link together e.g. glycogen, cellulose and starch
Glycosidic Bond
The covalent bond between two glucose molecules
Condensation Reaction
When two hyroxyls in alpha glucose molecules join together
Isomers
Have the same molecular formula but a different structure
Ester Bonds
When hydroxyl groups between glycerol and fatty acids bond
Esterificiation
When ester bonds are made from glycerol and fatty acids to make triglycerides and water
Hydrophilic
Attracted to water
Hydrophobic
Repelled by water
Peptides
Polymers made up of amino acids which are the monomers
R-groups
The variable groups that are in the centre of amino acids and can make different amino acids
Peptide Bonds
The bonds between the hydroxyl group in the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the hydrogen in the amine group of the other amino acid
Alpha Helix
Shape of secondary structure of proteins when hydrogen bonds bend the amino acid chains
Beta Pleated Sheets
Other shape of secondary structure of proteins when there are hydrogen bonds between parallel amino acid chains
Disulfide bonds / Disulfide Bridges
Covalent bonds between two R-groups that have sulfur atoms in them
