Protein Synthesis Flashcards
Protein Synthesis
the creation of a protein from a DNA template
A type of RNA synthesized from DNA and attached to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm; it specifies the primary structure of a protein
mRNA
An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA
tRNA
-A type of nucleic acid
-consists of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases A, C, G, U
-ususally single stranded
-functions in protein synthesis
rRNA
A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination symbol; basic unit of genetic code
codon
anticodon
A triplet of nucleotide bases
What are the units which make up DNA and RNA called?
Nucleotides
Which structure has more strands, DNA or RNA?
DNA
When I am in DNA my partner is thymine, but in RNA I switch to uracil. Who am I?
Adenine
This structure transports the code needed to make proteins in the ribosome:
mRNA
The nucleic acid that is the blueprint for all living things?
DeoxyribonucleicAcid
There is a certain term used for a 3 letter sequence located on mRNA, what is it?
Codon
I am located on tRNA and used to “double check” the mRNA before the amino acid is released:
Anticodon
This small structure is located in the cytoplasm of a cell, it is where translation occurs:
Ribosome
Transcription
The process by which mRNA is created in the nucleus.
______ _____ are the building blocks of protein.
Amino Acids
Product of protein synthesis?
Protein
What is represented by a codon in mRNA?
Amino Acid
The process of the genetic code being interpreted to create a protein is known as:
Protein Synthesis
A chain of amino acids; the name it is given before it is folded into protein structure
Polypeptide
RNA is created from only a segment of DNA.
True
RNA is created from only a segment of DNA.
True
The segments of DNA which make us who we are are called:
Genes
The process of protein synthesis begins in the __________.
Nucleus
A three dimension polymer made of monomers of amino acids
protein
The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template
Transcription
The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. A change in language from nucleotide to amino acids
Translation
What type of codon is AUG
a start codon
give an example of an amino acid
Methionine
point mutation
A letter is replaced
Deletion
A word is removed
Insertion
A word is added
Frame shift
Scrambled
Peptide bonds
a special chemical bond that happens between two amino acids
A scientist who has special training in the study of genes and heredity
Geneticist
Prognosis
The likely outcome or course of a disease; the chance of recovery or recurrence
Mitosis
The process by which a single parent cell divides to make two new daughter cells
Genome
The complete set of DNA in an organism
