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BioMed > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Biomedical Science

A

The application of science to the medical field

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2
Q

Forensic Science

A

The application of science to criminal and civil law

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3
Q

Are physiological responses measured during a polygraph test?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Are polygraphs 100% accurate and reliable?

A

No

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5
Q

Hypothesis

A

An educated guess

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6
Q

experiment

A

a set of controlled observations that test the hypothesis

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7
Q

Difference between independent and dependent variables

A

The independent variable is the cause. Its value is independent of other variables in your study. The dependent variable is the effect. Its value depends on changes in the independent variable.

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8
Q

What is a control group

A

The group that doesn’t get the experimental treatment in an experiment.

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9
Q

negative control

A

Control group where conditions produce a negative outcome.

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10
Q

positive control

A

Control Group expected to have a positive result

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11
Q

Cuticle (hair)

A

tough, clear outside covering of the hair shaft

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12
Q

cortex of hair

A

middle layer of the hair shaft
provides strength; makes up most of the hair mass.

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13
Q

medulla of hair

A

the spongy anterior core of hair that gives it flexibilty; appears as a canal in the middle of the shaft.

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14
Q

Where is DNA found in the hair?

A

The root

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15
Q

Arch fingerprint

A

goes from one side of the finger to the other

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16
Q

Loop fingerprint

A

Begin at one side of finger, curve around/upward, exit other side. Two types, radical, ulnar

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17
Q

whorl fingerprint

A

Fingerprints that have at least 2 deltas, and make a complete circle

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18
Q

Fingerprint Minutiae

A

characteristics of ridge patterns in a fingerprint

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19
Q

How many minutiae must be matched to establish an identical fingerprint?

A

12

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20
Q

What are the four main components of blood?

A

plasma, platelets, red blood cells, white blood cells

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21
Q

Plasma

A

Liquid part of blood

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22
Q

red blood cells (erythrocytes)

A

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

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23
Q

white blood cells (leukocytes)

A

respond to injury or infection

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24
Q

Platelets

A

blood clotting

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25
Q

Presumptive tests versus Confirmatory Tests

A

Presumptive tests, are those that usually identify a class of compounds whereas a confirmatory testis one that conclusively identifies a specific, individual compound

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26
Q

Antigens

A

Foreign material that invades the body

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27
Q

Antibodies

A

Specialized proteins that aid in destroying infectious agents

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28
Q

Agglunation

A

clumping of red blood cells

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29
Q

Which antigen(s) does type AB blood contain:

A

A and B antigens

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30
Q

Which antigen(s) does type A blood contain:

A

A

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31
Q

Which antigen(s) does type B blood contain:

A

B

32
Q

Which antigen(s) does type O blood contain:

A

None

33
Q

What does a blood splatter analyst do?

A

They figure out what happened at a crime based on the blood they find at the scene, on clothes, or evidence

34
Q

How do height and angle affect blood spatter

A

The higher the blood drop falls from, the larger the diameter of the blood drop will be on the surface it strikes. The steeper the angle, the longer and thinner the blood drop will be.

35
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid

36
Q

Three parts of a Nucleotide

A

sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base

37
Q

What are the four nitrogen bases?

A

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

38
Q

Purines

A

Bases with a double-ring structure.

Adenine and Guanine

39
Q

Pyrimidines

A

Bases with a single-ring structure. Cytosine and Thymine

40
Q

How do the bases pair in DNA?

A

A goes with T and C goes with G

41
Q

Chromosomes

A

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes

42
Q

Relationship between DNA, genes, and Chromosomes

A

Work together to make you unique

43
Q

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

A

Prokaryotes are always unicellular, while eukaryotes are often multi-celled organisms

44
Q

PCR (polymerase chain reaction)

A

rapidly makes multiple copies of a specific segment of DNA

45
Q

Restriction Enzymes

A

enzyme that cuts DNA at a sequence of nucleotides

46
Q

gel elctrophoresis

A

used to separate and analyze DNA pieces by placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of a gel and applying an electrical voltage to the gel

47
Q

During gel electrophoresis in which direction do the DNA fragments move and why? Which fragments will move through the gel faster?

A

DNA is negatively charged, therefore, when an electric current is applied to the gel, DNA will migrate towards the positively charged electrode. Shorter strands of DNA move more quickly through the gel than longer strands.

48
Q

Autopsy

A

the examination of a corpse to determine the cause of death

49
Q

cause of death

A

the immediate reason for a person’s death

50
Q

Manner of Death

A

How death occurred; 5 possibilities

  • natural
    -accidental
    -suicide
    -homicide
    -undetermined
51
Q

mechanism of death

A

the specific body failure that leads to death

52
Q

Functions and Key structures of the Integumentary System

A

protecting your body from bacteria, infection, injury and sunlight.

skin, hair, nails

53
Q

Functions and Key structures of the Skeletal System

A

bones and joints

gives the body its shape, allows movement, makes blood cells, provides protection for organs and stores minerals

54
Q

Functions and Key structures of the Muscular System

A

Helps the body move and contract

skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle

55
Q

Functions and Key structures of the Nervous System

A

helps all the parts of the body to communicate with each other

brain, spinal cord, sensory receptors, nerves

56
Q

Functions and Key structures of the Cardiovascular System

A

delivers oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other important substances to cells and organs in the body

Heart, Blood Vessels (Veins, arteries, capillaries)

57
Q

Functions and Key structures of the Respiratory System

A

help you breathe

lungs, nasal cavity, trachea, bronchus

58
Q

Functions and Key structures of the Lymphatic and Immune System

A

absorbing digestive tract fats and removing cellular waste.

lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow

59
Q

Functions and Key structures of the Digestive System

A

breaks down food into nutrients

oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver

60
Q

functions and key structures of urinary system

A

filter blood and create urine as a waste by-product

kidney, bladder, ureter, urethra

61
Q

Functions and Key structures of the Endocrine System
endo(cringe)

A

release hormones into the bloodstream

adrenal gland, pituitary gland, ovary, testis

62
Q

Functions and Key structures of the Reproductive System

A

To produce egg and sperm cells

vagina, ovaries, uterus, penis, testes, prostate

63
Q

Livor Mortis

A

The pooling of the blood in tissues after death resulting in a reddish color to the skin

64
Q

Rigor Mortis

A

stiffness of the body that sets in several hours after death

65
Q

Algor Mortis

A

The cooling of the body after death

66
Q

Levels of organisation in the body

A

cell, tissue, organ, organ system

67
Q

4 lobes of the brain

A

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

68
Q

Function of the frontal lobe

A

reasoning, planning, part of speech and movement, emotions, problem solving

69
Q

Function of parietal lobe

A

processes sensory information

70
Q

Function of occipital lobe

A

visual processing

71
Q

Function of temporal lobe

A

language processing

72
Q

TBI vs CTE

A

TBI: A brain dysfunction caused by an outside force to the head.

CTE: A progressive degeneration, and/or death, of nerve cells caused by repeated head injuries, such as repeated concussions.

73
Q

Four types of tissue

A

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

74
Q

epithelial tissue

A

A body tissue that covers the surfaces of the body, inside and out

75
Q

connective tissue

A

A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts

76
Q

muscle tissue

A

A body tissue that contracts or shortens, making body parts move.

77
Q

nervous tissue

A

Tissue that senses stimuli and transmits signals.

BioMed (12 decks)

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