Protein Synthesis Flashcards
Types of RNA?
• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
• Messenger RNA (mRNA)
• Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Functions of RNA?
All three play an important role in protein synthesis.
Structure of RNA.
• It is a single-stranded structure
• It is not coiled
• The sugar in it is ribose
• Thymine has been replaced
• The chains are shorter
What nucleotides change from DNA to RNA?
Thymine to Uracil
What is an Amino acid?
Amino acids are the building blocks of Proteins.
What is a Polypeptide?
A long chain of Amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. This is when 3 or more Amino acids combine.
What is a Dipeptide?
When 2 Amino acids combine by a peptide bond.
How many different types of Amino Acids are there?
20, from which all proteins are made.
What are the 3 stages of Protein Synthesis?
1) Transcription - formation of mRNA.
2) Movement - of mRNA out of the Nucleus.
3) Translation - using info from mRNA to from a Protein.
What takes place in Transcription?
° DNA double helix unwinds
° Weak hydrogen bond of DNA break
° forming two single strands of DNA
° One strand acts as a template
° using free RNA nucleotides from the nucleoplasm
° Three adjacent bases on mRNA make up a codon
° which codes for an Amino acids
What takes place in Movement of mRNA out of the Nucleus?
° mRNA moves out the Nucleus through the nuclear pore into the cytoplasm where it attaches to the ribosome.
What takes place in Translation?
° According to the codons of mRNA , tRNA molecules with matching/complementary anticodons bring the required Amino acids to the ribosome.
° The Amino acids link together by a peptide bond to from the required protein.
