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Grade 12 Biology > Genetics And Inheritance > Flashcards

Genetics And Inheritance Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Heredity ?

A

Refers to the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring.

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2
Q

What is Inheritance?

A

Refers to the set of characteristics that have been passed from parents to offspring.

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3
Q

What are Genetics?

A

Refers to the study of heredity and the variations that occur in the transmission of hereditary characteristics.

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4
Q

What is a Gene?

A

° A small part of DNA coding for a particular characteristic.

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5
Q

What is a Genome?

A

The Complete set of All the Genes in All the Chromosomes of a Particular Species.

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6
Q

What is a Phenotype?

A

The external appearance of an organism.

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7
Q

What is a Genotype?

A

The Genetic Composition of an Individual. (The genotype determines the phenotype)

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8
Q

What is Homozygous?

A

When an individual has two or more copies of the same allele for a particular characteristic.

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9
Q

What is Heterozygous?

A

When an individual has two contrasting or different alleles for a characteristic.

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10
Q

What does Monohybrid mean?

A

The reproduction between two individuals where we are concerned with the inheritance of only one characteristic or trait.

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11
Q

What does Dihybrid mean?

A

The reproduction between two individuals where we are concerned with the inheritance of two characteristics or traits.

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12
Q

What is Cross Fertilisation?

A

The Fusion of Male and Female Gametes.

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13
Q

What are the 3 Types of Dominace?

A

• Complete Dominace
• Incomplete Dominace
• Co-Dominace

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14
Q

What is Complete Dominace?

A

A Condition in which one allele of a gene is dominant over the other (recessive) such that only the dominant allele influences the phenotype in the heterozygous condition.

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15
Q

What is Incomplete Dominace?

A

No one allele of a gene is dominant over the other, a genotype consisting of these 2 alleles (heterogeneous) will therefore produce an intermediate phenotype that is different from the 2 homozygous conditions.

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16
Q

What is Co-Dominace?

A

A Condition in which two alleles of a gene have equal expression in the phenotype of an organism.

17
Q

What is an Allele?

A

Two or More Alternative Forms of a Gene that arise by Mutation and are Found at the Same Place on a Chromosome.

18
Q

What is a Locus?

A

The physical site or location of a specific gene on a chromosome.(plural: Loci)

19
Q

Who is the ‘Father’ of Genetics?

A

° Mendel

20
Q

What is a Mutation?

A

° A Mutation is any unexpected change in the genetic structure of a cell.

21
Q

What is a Gene Mutation?

A

° Mutations that affect a single or a few base pairs in just a single gene.

Eg: Haemophilia, Colour Blindness and Albinism.

22
Q

What is a Chromosomal Aberration?

A

° Changes in the normal structure or number of chromosomes.
Eg: Down Syndrome

23
Q

What is Genetic Engineering?

A

° The Process whereby the genes on the DNA are changed, transferred or manipulated to produce a different organism.

24
Q

What is Biotechnology?

A

° The use of Living things like cells, genes and biological systems, to create new products, technologies and medical treatments.

25
Q

In what ways is Genetic Engineering an aspect of Biotech?

A

° Stem cell research
° Genetically modified organisms
° Clonning

26
Q

What methods are used for Paternity Testing?

A

° Blood Grouping
° DNA Profiles

27
Q

How are Genetic Links found?

A

° Mutations in Mitochondrial DNA used in tracing female ancestry.

28
Q

Examples of Gene Mutations?

A

° Haemophilia
° Colour Blindness

29
Q

Example of Chromosomal Mutation?

A

° Down Syndrome

30
Q

Haemophilia

A

Absence of Blood-clotting factors

31
Q

Colour Blindness

A

Due to absence of proteins that comprise either the red or green cones/ photoreceptors in the eye.

32
Q

Down Syndrome

A

Due to an extra copy of chromosome 21 as a result of non-disjunction during meiosis.

33
Q

True Breeing

A

Homozygous (The same, eg: TT and tt)

34
Q

What is the position of a Gene on a chromosome?

A

° Locus

Grade 12 Biology (13 decks)

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