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Grade 12 Biology > Human Nervous System > Flashcards

Human Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two systems Humans use to respond to the environment?

A

° Nervous system
° Endocrine system

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2
Q

What are the Functions for the Nervous system?

A

° It detects changes in the environment thus allowing the body to react to these changes

° It enables co-ordination of the various activities of the body

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3
Q

What are Neurons?

A

° The nerve fibers in turn that are made up of specialized nerve cells.

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of Neurons?

A

° Sensory
° Motor
° Connector

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5
Q

What are Sensory Neurons?

A

° Neurons that carry Impulses from the receptors/ sense organ, to the Central nervous system ( aka: Brain or Spinal cord)

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6
Q

What are Motor Neurons?

A

° Carry Impulses from the Central nervous system, to the effectors (muscle or glands).

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7
Q

What are Connector Neurons?

A

° Neurons that carry Impulses in the Central nervous system, from Sensory Neurons to Motor Neurons.

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8
Q

How are Neurons connected?

A

° Through a microscopic gap called the Synapse.

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9
Q

What do all Neurons consist of?

A

° They consist of a Cell body, with it’s Dendrites and an Axon.

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10
Q

What is the Function of the Myelin Sheath?

A

° Acts as a membrane for Axons
° Provides electrical insulation that helps speed up the transmission of Impulses.

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11
Q

What is the Nervous system composed of?

A

° Central nervous system
° Peripheral nervous system

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12
Q

What is the Peripheral Nervous system?

A

° Made up of nerves outside the Central nervous system.

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13
Q

What is the Somatic Nervous system?

A

° All parts of the Nervous system that help us react to external environmental changes.

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14
Q

What is the Automatic Nervous system?

A

° The parts of the Nervous system that controls the internal environment. Things you do automatically like breathing or sweating.

° Made up of Sympathetic Divison and the Parasympathetic Divison

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15
Q

What is the brain protected by?

A

° The Cranium and 3 membranes called Meninges.

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16
Q

What is the Cerebrum?

A

° The Largest part of the brain

° Consists of 2 Hemispheres, that are connected by nerve fibers. The largest being the Corpus Collosum.

17
Q

What are the functions of the Cerebrum?

A

° It controls all Voluntary actions.

° Interprets all senses, touch, taste, smell, hearing and sight.

° Controls higher thought processes like, memory, judgment and reasoning.

18
Q

What are the functions of the Hypothalamus?

A

° Body Temperature
° Blood Pressure
° Sleep
° Appetite
° Thirst
° Emotions

19
Q

What are the Functions of the Cerebellum?

A

° Co-ordination of Voluntary movement, eg: Walking and Running.

° Maintaining Muscles tone.
° Balance and Equilibrium.

20
Q

What are the Functions of the Medulla Oblongata?

A

° Responsible for all the Involuntary Actions.

° Conducts Impulses from the spinal cord to the higher parts of the brain.

° The Nerves from the left side of the brain control the right side of the body.

21
Q

What are the Functions of the Spinal Cord?

A

° It conducts Impulses between the Brain and the receptors and effectors.

° It serves as a centre for Reflex Actions.

22
Q

How do Impulses Enter the Spinal cord?

A

° The Impulses travel via the Sensory Neuron through the Dorsal Root.

23
Q

How do Impulses Leave the Spinal Cord?

A

° The Impulse travels via Motor Neuron through the Ventral Root.

24
Q

What is a Reflex Action?

A

° A Rapid Automatic response to a stimulus received by an organ or other Receptor.

25
Q

What is a Reflex Arc?

A

° It is the path taken by an Impulse in bringing about a response to a stimulus during a reflex action.

26
Q

Disorders of the Central Nervous System

A

° Alzheimers
° Multiple Sclerosis

27
Q

What makes up the Automatic Nervous system?

A

° Sympathetic Divison
° Parasympathetic Divison

28
Q

What is the purpose of the Sympathetic Divison?

A

° Prepares the body for Action “Fight or Flight”

29
Q

What is the purpose of the Parasympathetic Divison?

A

° Returns the body to normal

30
Q

What do nerves do the Peripheral Nervous System consists of ?

A

° Motor Nerves
° Sensory Nerves

Grade 12 Biology (13 decks)

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