Code Of Life Flashcards
What dose DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic Acid
The 4 basic parts of the Nucleus.
• A nuclear membrane
• Nucleoplasm
• Chromatin Network
• Nucleolus
What is a monomer ?
Atoms or small molecules that bond together to form complex structures such as polymers.
What make up Nucleotides?
• A Nitrogenous base (NB)
• A Sugar (S) - deoxyribose in DNA , ribose in RNA
• A phosphate (P)
Types of DNA.
• Nuclear DNA
• Mitochondrial DNA
• Chloroplasts DNA
What are the 2 groups of Nitrogenous bases?
Purines and Pyrimidines
What are Purines?
Adenine and Guanine.
What are Pyrimidines?
Cytosine and Thymine.
What are the complementary base pairs?
• Adenine - Thymine
• Cytosine - Guanine
What’s the structure of DNA?
Double helix
Who discovered DNA?
Watson and Crick
When does DNA replication occur?
It occurs during Interphase.
What are the Functions of DNA?
° DNA makes up genes which carry hereditary information.
° DNA contains coded information for Protein synthesis.
How does DNA replication occur?
• Double helix DNA unwinds
• Weak hydrogen bonds break
• Two DNA strands unzip/ separate
• Each original DNA strand severs as a template to form a new strand
• Complementary strands form
• The result is two genetically identical DNA molecules
What are the uses of DNA profiles?
• Diagnosis of inherent Disorders
• Developing cures for inherent disorders
• Biological Evidence
• Identification of Relatives
Why is DNA profiling sometimes unreliable?
• DNA profile may not be unique to an individual.
• May not follow uniform testing standards and quality controls.
• Human error could lead to false results.
• DNA profiling is expensive
• HIV / AIDS
What are Somatic Cells
Body cells
What are Gametes?
Sex Cells
What is a DNA Profile?
•DNA Profiling is a method of identifying an individual by comparing his/her DNA Proflie with another known DNA “Fingerprint”.
What are some debates around DNA profiling?
• Small piece of DNA is analyzed, so a DNA profile may not be unique to an individual.
• May not follow uniform testing standards
• Human error
• DNA profiling is expensive, so people might not be able to defend themselves against charges based on DNA evidence.
Why is DNA Replication necessary?
° Produce another molecule that is exactly the same
° Pass on Genetic code
° Needed for Cellular Replication
Gonosome
° Sex chromosomes ( Determine your sex/ gender )
The division of cytoplasm after nuclear division
° Cytokinesis
