protein structure/function 2A

Question 1

protein

Answer 1

a biomacromolecule made of amino acid chains folded into a 3D chain.

Question 2

polypeptide

Answer 2

long chain of amino acid (protein)

Question 3

protome

Answer 3

all proteins that are expressed by a cell or organism.

Question 4

functions of protein

Answer 4

1. enzyme
2. transport
3. structural
4. hormones
5. receptors
6. defence
7. motor/contractile
8. storage

Question 5

enzyme

Answer 5

an organic molecule typically a protein that catalyses or speeds up a reaction

Question 6

amino acid structure

Answer 6

1. amino group- made up of one nitrogen and two hydrogen
2. central carbon
3. R-group- variable proportion of amino acid molecule that determines the identity of the amino acid
4. carboxyl group- contains hydroxyl (OH) and a oxygen double bonded carbon atom ( C–O)

Question 7

hydrophobic

Answer 7

having the tendency to repel and be insoluble in water

Question 8

hydrophilic

Answer 8

having the tendency to be attracted to and dissolve in water

Question 9

monomer

Answer 9

small building blocks of a polymer

Question 10

polymer

Answer 10

large molecules made up of small building blocks of monomers

Question 11

condensation reaction

Answer 11

reaction when two monomers join to form a larger molecule- producing water as its by product

Question 12

peptide bond

Answer 12

chemical bond linking two amino acids

Question 13

primary structure

Answer 13

first level of protein structure, which refers to the sequence of amino acids

Question 14

secondary structure

Answer 14

second level of protein structure, where the amino acid chain forms alpha helices, beta pleated sheets or random coils

Question 15

tetiatary structure

Answer 15

functional 3D shape of a polypeptide chain

Question 16

quaternary structure

Answer 16

last level of protein structure, where multiple polypeptide chains bond together and non-protein groups are added to form fully functional protein.