genes 2C Flashcards
gene
section of DNA that carries the code to make protein
transcription
the process of a sequence of DNA is used as a template to produce a complementary sequence of MRNA
translation
the process where an MRNA sequence is read to produce a corresponding amino acid sequence to build a polypeptide.
genetic code
set of rules by which information is encoded in genetic material
triplet
sequence of 3 nucleotides in DNA coding for one amino acid
codon
the sequence of 3 nucleotides in MRNA coding for one amino acid
start
a sequence of nucleotides in MRNA that signals start of translation.
promotor
sequence of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds to
RNA polyermase
an enzyme responsible for constructing a pre MRNA sequence from DNA sequence during transcription
enzyme
an organic molecule that catalyses or speeds up a chemical reaction
introns/exons
introns: non coding regions of DNA (do not code for protein)
exons: regions of DNA that code for protein and aren’t spliced during RNA processing.
operator
a short region of DNA that interacts with repressor protein to alter the transcription of an operon
repressor protein
a protein coded by a regulatory gene that prevents gene expression by binding to the operator
gene expression
process of reading the information stored within a gene to create a functional product
leader region
segment of DNA or mRNA that immedialtey proceeds the coding regions (also known as leader segment or leader sequence)
