Protein Structure Flashcards
What is a biomacromolecule?
They are large molecules essential for cell structure and function
eg. Protiens, nucleic acids
Proteome Definiton
All the protiens expressed in a cell/organism at a time
What is a peptide?
Short chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds
like smaller, fewer than 50 amino acids
Whatis a polypeptide
A string of unfolded covalently bonded amino acids
What is a protien
A molecule consisting of a folded chain of amino acids.
What is in the structure of an Amino Acid
1.R group
2.Hydrogen atom
3.Amino group
4.Carboxyl group
How are polypeptides formed?
Via condensation reactions occuring between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and another amino acid’s hydrogen atom, creating H20 as a by product.
Is there any energy used when doing a condensation polymerisation?
Yes, when OH and H gets used
What are the 4 structures of a protien?
1.Primary Structure
2.Secondary Structure
3.Tertiary structure
4.Quatenary strucutre
What are the two common types of ways a polypeptide chain folds in a second structure
Alpha Helix and Beta Pleated sheets
What is a primary structure
A basic linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
Secondary Structure
The polypeptide chain folds and coils due to the hydrogen bonds between near amino acids forming alpha helixs, beta pleated sheets and random coils.
WHAT IS A random coil
It is the part where it basically isnt alpha helix or beta pleated sheet.
Tertiary structure
This is when the protien is now functional and is folded into a 3d structure from side to side interactions in the different R groups from amino acids
Quatenary structures
When two or more polypeptide chains are joined together or when a prostetic group is added to the polypeptide to make it a fully funcational protien
What will happen if you alter the teritarty structure of a protien?
The protien will be biologically inactive
All amino acids contain what elements
- Carbon
- hydrogen
- oxygen
- nitrogen
remember like the amino acid structure, like the hydroxl group and the nh2 and carbon and more
What happens if one amino acid sequence is changed
Could result in a non functional or change in function of a protien as the structure/shape of the protien will be altered.
Why is it more useful for scientists to move towards studying the whole proteome rather
than focusing on single proteins?
It is more useful to study the proteome because no protein acts in isolation from other
proteins
What is mRNA
Carries genetic information to be translated in the ribosome for gene products from the nucleus
