Factors that affect enzymes Flashcards
And a little about enzymes
What is optimal TempreaturE?
Tallk about reaction rate
The tempreature which an enzyme works the fastest in, which increases reaction rate.
What happens past optimal tempreture? or pH optimal
Denatures, where Hydrogen bonds break down to change the active site of the enzyme, which means the substrate cant bind.
What will happen if substrates increases
The rate of reaction increases because there will be more chances of binding
What will happen if you increase enzyme concentation
The rate of reaction will increase
What is Saturation point
It is when all active sites are used up or all the substrates are have been used up.
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What is an competitive Inhibitor
They are an molecule that binds to the active site and prevents the substrates from binding.
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What is an non-competitive inhibitor
And where does it bind and the effect
They dont bind to the active site, instead bind to allohesteric site and changes the enzymes active sites shape
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What are reversible inhibitors?
They form a weak bond wit the active sites, it can be broken off
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What are irreverisble inhibitors
They form strong covalent bonds that cant break off.
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What are cofactors
They help assist the enzymes function by sitting on the active site of the substrate.
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Is Coenzyme an organic or inorganic cofactor?
Organic
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What is an coenzyme’s function
AND bro wjat happens after the substrate has been catalysed?
It binds and donates energy or molecules
What are enzymes?
Enzyme are bilological catalists that speed up chemical reactions with a substrate by lowering the activation energy needed.
What are substrates?
The moleucle being acted upon by an enzyme
How do chemical reactions occur?
They require input energy called ACTIVATION ENERGY
What are anabolic reactions
When two or more smaller moleucles are combined to form a larger moleucle using energy
What are catabolic reactions
When a large molecule is brken down to two or more smaller molecules
What is endergonic and what kind of reaction is it from
It means it stores energy, which happens in anabolic reactions
What is exergonic and what kind of reaction is it from
It means it releases energy from a catabolic reaction
What happens to an enzyme after catalysing a reaction?
It is reused/recycled
What is unique to each enzyme
Active site
Can enzymes have more than one active site?
YES
What do you call it when the substrate and the enzyme has binded
Enzyme-substrate complex
E
What do you call the end product after the enzyme has sucessfuly catalysed something?
Products
Why does the substrate even bind to the active site?
Bercause the substrate is complementary in shape to the active site which is specific.
Are enzymes used up or not?
NO
What will happen if the pH level of an enzyme gets more basic
and why is it bad
Amino acids will lose their hydrogen ions, which might change their attraction to each other and unfold causing them to denature
What will happen if the pH level of an enzyme gets more acidic
and why is it bad
Amino acids will gain hydrogen ions,which might change their attraction to each other and unfold causing them to denature
What happens if all the active sites of enzymes have been used up, should you even increase substrate concentration?
No , the substrate concentration has reached a saturation point
what is a limiting factor when a substrate reaches its saturation point
The lack of Enzyme active sites
What ahppens if the tempreture is lowered to an enzyme
There will very low kinetic energy making the enyme work at a very slow rate. This causes less products to be formed due to a lower reaction rate.
What type of protiens are enzymes?
Globular protiens
