protein engineering 🤡🤡🤡🤡🤡🤡 Flashcards
antigen
Molecules that cause an immune response (recognized and bound by antibodies)
antibodies
Proteins of the immune system that recognize and bind to foreign molecules
phage display library
collection of bacteriophage particles that have segments of foreign proteins protruding from their surface
combinatorial library
Large series of related molecules that have been systematically generated by combining chemical groups and/or molecular motifs
alternative splicing library
Library of gene or protein sequences generated by randomized inclusion or exclusion of exons from an original protein
combinatorial screening
Screening of a large series of related molecules for those with useful properties
random shuffling library
Library of gene or protein sequences generated by randomized shuffling and linking of short segments
How are protein libraries created?
DNA is chemically synthesized and then the modules are assembled to give new artificial genes with PCR methods (usually overlapping primers).
DNA shuffling
Method of artificial evolution in which genes are cut into segments that are mutagenized, mixed, shuffled, and rejoined - trying to generate novel or improved protein activities.
epitopes
Localized regions of an antigen to which an antibody binds
BODER DEF: peptide sequence for which a monoclonal antibody will bind to (a flag so antibodies can recognize)
How does recombining protein domains affect proteins?
Proteins have discrete domains with individual functions. Recombining domains from different proteins can generate hybrid proteins with novel combinations of properties.
Directed Evolution
Technique for enhancing or altering the original activity of an enzyme by randomly mutating the gene and then screening for the new activity - library construction
error-prone PCR
Type of PCR in which mutations are introduced at random during the amplification steps - used for random mutagenesis
tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase
e Enzyme that charges tRNA with tyrosine (mutated through site-specific directed evolution)
How is the industrial efficiency of proteins increased?
Some proteins are larger than necessary so extra sequences are removed and the protein is simplified.