post final GARBAGE Flashcards
What is Protein Engineering? (goals and types)
GOALS: enhance or tailor function of proteins
Types: Catalysis and Binding
What are the optimizable properties of Proteins?
Binding Efficiency/Specificity
Catalytic Efficiency
Stability
Environmental Requirements
Hybridoma Technology
Another species becomes the protein engineer but only up to a point (they won’t produce as much protein as humans need)
What is the general approach to protein engineering?
1) Identify a natural protein thats activity is close to what you want
2) make minor alterations to get desired change by site-directed mutants or directed molecular evolution
Directed Evolution
-Method used in protein engineering, mimics process of natural selection to steer proteins toward a user-defined goal.
-It consists of subjecting a gene to iterative rounds of mutagenesis, selection, and amplification
What is a display technology?
Capturing a protein onto a cell cell/virus that contains the DNA encoding it (creates a genotype/phenotype linkage)
Targets for Directed Evolution
-Binding proteins (easy if tagged ligand available)
-Enzymes (screening/selection harder)
What is the Process for creating a New Drug
1) Target ID
2) Target Validation
3) Screen Development
4) Primary Screening
5) Secondary Screening
6) Lead Optimization
7) Preclinical Testing (ADMET)
8) Clinical Trials (3 phases)
9) Regulatory Approval (FDA)
10) Manufacturing
11) Post-approval
12) Reformulation
When do you file a patent?
Before Preclinical Testing
(After Lead Optimization)
Diversity formula in a NON-mutated protein library
20^N
N - # of amino acids in peptide
Classic Mutation
Mutating everything (whole organism)
When do you file IND report? (investigational new drug)
Before Clinical Trials
(After preclinical trials)
When do you submit a new drug application to the NDA?
Before regulatory approval
(after clinical trials)
What is ADMET
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity
Molecularly precise mutation
Error-prone PCR or Gene Shuffling
