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cbe 235 > practice questions i missed > Flashcards

practice questions i missed Flashcards

1
Q

what can inosine pair with?

A

A, C or U

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2
Q

How are both strands used in DNA replication?

A

Both template stands are used simultaneously

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3
Q

Where does energy for DNA replication come from?

A

dNTP -> dNMP + PPi

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4
Q

what is a protein that binds to response elements to regulate eukaryotic gene expression

A

transcription factor

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5
Q

what is the major groove of DNA

A

space for proteins to interact with bases, the proteins can “read” the sequences

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6
Q

what is the significance of a nuceloside triphosphate?

A

undergoes hydrolysis during the dNDP to dNMP reaction to give energy

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7
Q

what are the three levels of gene regulation in eukaryotes?

A

transcriptional, translations, processing

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8
Q

ferritin gene

A

when iron is present, it binds to the iron regulating proteins, which is released from the mRNA strand so that translation becomes active. the iron response element is the little bump.

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9
Q

what is the secondary structure of RNA

A

looks like a ladle, can bind to itself.

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10
Q

what type of molecule is GTP?

A

nucleotide

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11
Q

the half life of an mRNA is related to

A

the nucleotide sequence of the 3’ UTR

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12
Q

what is not part of a bacterial operon

A

enhancer

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13
Q

which of the following functional groups would make a carbon-based compound the least polar

A

methyl

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14
Q

are proximal promoter elements shared by nearly all eukaryotic genes?

A

yes

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15
Q

what do multiple levels of eukaryotic gene expression allow for?

A
  • finer tuned control of expression
  • control of response speed
  • localization control
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16
Q

how do release factors work?

A

mimic tRNA and bind in the A site which induces the displacement reaction. ends translation

17
Q

what is degeneracy

A

different codons, same amino acids

18
Q

what is different about RNA structurally?

A

HAS -OH

19
Q

which amino acid is least soluble in water

A

PHE

20
Q

what makes biotechnology modern?

A

rDNA

21
Q

what should i think of when i think covalently bonded amino acid?

A

CYSTEINE

22
Q

what are the elements of a bacterial operon

A

promoter: RNA polymerase binding site
operator: repressor protein binding site
regulatory gene: codes for repressor
structural gene: codes for enzymes and such

23
Q

what is the best explanation for the fact that 30% of single nucleotide base mutations are harmeless?

A

most amino acids are specified by several codons that differ at the third position

24
Q

what is b-galactosidase

A

enzyme involved in breaking down lactose

25
Q

minimization of low-entropy water structure at interfacial surfaces drives which phenomenon?

A

hydrophobic effect.

26
Q

what were the two radiolabels used for hershey chase

A

35s and 32p

27
Q

rRNA is…

A
  • most abundant form of RNA
  • folds and is self complementary
  • important in protein translation
28
Q

each protein of length N is synthesized by a cell requires how many molecules of GTP?

A

2N

29
Q

an advantage of regulating gene expression at the translation level compared to the transcriptional level is…

A

faster response ONLY

30
Q

what is a chiral molecule

A

bound to 4 DIFFERENT things`

31
Q

is an operator element required for transcription in prokaryotes

A

NO

32
Q

what level do PROKARYOTES regulate gene expression

A

ONLY TRANSCRIPTION

33
Q

what is the diameter of a dna double helix

A

2 nm

34
Q

how does the weird lacI question work?

A

REPRESSED=BIGGEST
EXPRESSED = SMALLEST

35
Q

operators are to repressors as blank are to response elements

A

transcription factors

36
Q

what is a response element

A

bind transcription factors

37
Q

What is a proximal promoter element shared by most eukaryotic genes?

A

TATA box

38
Q

what are the most hydrophillic amino acids?

A

Tyrosine, Glutamine, Threonine, Serine, Asparagine

39
Q

what are the most hydrophobic amino acids?

A

Valine, Alanine, Proline, Phenylalanine

cbe 235 (27 decks)

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