Protein

Question 1

What are protiens

Answer 1

chains of amino acids arranged in to primary, secondary and teritary structures

Question 2

What do proteins do?

Answer 2

provide structure 
hormones 
antibodies 
transporters 
enzymes 
movements

Question 3

protein synthesis

Answer 3

the creation of new proteins from AAs

Question 4

what is muscle protein breakdown

Answer 4

the degration of whole proteins back to constituent AAs

Question 5

what is muscle protein balance

Answer 5

the net results of muscle protein synthesis and muscle protein breakdown

Question 6

what is amino acid oxidation

Answer 6

the breakdown of intracellular amino acids for energy production

Question 7

what is AA uptake

Answer 7

the rate of transport of AA from one pool to another

Question 8

what is AA utilisation

Answer 8

the amount of dietary AA (obtained from dietary protein) that is used by the tissue and organs of the body for day to day processes

Question 9

what part of the AA structure changes for each

Answer 9

the R group

Question 10

what part of a AA is cleaved when they are oxidised

Answer 10

the amine group (NH2) is cleaved

Question 11

how much protein is synethsised a day

Answer 11

approx 350g

Question 12

what ways can protein turnover be measured

Answer 12

nitrogen balance

stable isotopes

Question 13

what factors influence protein turnover

Answer 13

habitual diet 
protein intake
energy intake 
hormones 
exercise

Question 14

during endurance exercise what state are you in

Answer 14

catabolic

Question 15

what is the effect of being in a catabolic state

Answer 15

muscle protien breakdown > protein synthesis

increased amino acid oxidation

Question 16

effect of CHO/protein feeding

Answer 16

cho + protein increased protein synthesis during exercise and recovery

Question 17

endurance exercise generates what type of balance

Answer 17

negative

Question 18

what effect does protein ingestion have on myofibrilar rates

Answer 18

increases

Question 19

what effect does protein ingestion have on mitochondrail synthesis rates

Answer 19

no effect

Question 20

what is the central fatigue theory

Answer 20

fatigue may be associated with inadequate CNS drive to working muscles

Question 21

serotonin central fatigue hypothesis

Answer 21

increased brain 5HT concentraion causes a deterioration in perormance

Question 22

outline the mechanims of the serotonin central fatigue hypothesis

Answer 22

FFA released from adipose tissue
albium releases Trp 
reduced conc of BCAA
increased fTryp:BCAA
Trp crosses the blood brain barrier 
converted to serotoin 
impaired CNS function

Question 23

Effect of BCAA supplementaion

Answer 23

some evidence of improved mental performance

Question 24

can protein help maintain muscle mass during weight loss

Answer 24

high protein diets results in less weight loss but less muscle mass loss compared to those on lower protein diet

Question 25

what is RDI

Answer 25

1.2-2g/kg

Question 26

what is the RDI dependant on?

Answer 26

mode/intensity/durination of training

protein quality

Question 27

effect of protein feeding during exercise

Answer 27

does not appear to enhance exercise performance assuming adequate consumption of CHO

Question 28

effect of protein ingestion in close proximity to exercise

Answer 28

may facilitate muscle reconditioning

Question 29

inter organ nitrogen trasfer

Answer 29

enters via the diet into the GI tract
broken down in to AA which move to the liver and skeltal muscle
at the muscle, broken down into alaine which goes the the liver and glutamine which goes to the kidney
kidney breaks it down to glucose
in the liver nitrogen is processed into proteins, urea, glucose and triglycerides

Question 30

how do stable isotopes work

Answer 30

isotope of an element is labelled so it can be distinguished from existing elemenst
normally has molecular weight 1 higher
allows you to track it through the body and work out protein synthesis rate