Protein Flashcards
What are protiens
chains of amino acids arranged in to primary, secondary and teritary structures
What do proteins do?
provide structure hormones antibodies transporters enzymes movements
protein synthesis
the creation of new proteins from AAs
what is muscle protein breakdown
the degration of whole proteins back to constituent AAs
what is muscle protein balance
the net results of muscle protein synthesis and muscle protein breakdown
what is amino acid oxidation
the breakdown of intracellular amino acids for energy production
what is AA uptake
the rate of transport of AA from one pool to another
what is AA utilisation
the amount of dietary AA (obtained from dietary protein) that is used by the tissue and organs of the body for day to day processes
what part of the AA structure changes for each
the R group
what part of a AA is cleaved when they are oxidised
the amine group (NH2) is cleaved
how much protein is synethsised a day
approx 350g
what ways can protein turnover be measured
nitrogen balance
stable isotopes
what factors influence protein turnover
habitual diet protein intake energy intake hormones exercise
during endurance exercise what state are you in
catabolic
what is the effect of being in a catabolic state
muscle protien breakdown > protein synthesis
increased amino acid oxidation
effect of CHO/protein feeding
cho + protein increased protein synthesis during exercise and recovery
endurance exercise generates what type of balance
negative
what effect does protein ingestion have on myofibrilar rates
increases
what effect does protein ingestion have on mitochondrail synthesis rates
no effect
what is the central fatigue theory
fatigue may be associated with inadequate CNS drive to working muscles
serotonin central fatigue hypothesis
increased brain 5HT concentraion causes a deterioration in perormance
outline the mechanims of the serotonin central fatigue hypothesis
FFA released from adipose tissue albium releases Trp reduced conc of BCAA increased fTryp:BCAA Trp crosses the blood brain barrier converted to serotoin impaired CNS function
Effect of BCAA supplementaion
some evidence of improved mental performance
can protein help maintain muscle mass during weight loss
high protein diets results in less weight loss but less muscle mass loss compared to those on lower protein diet
