Protein Flashcards
Q: What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein in adults?
A: 0.8 g/kg for adults; men: 56-63 g, women: 46-50 g.
Q: What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein?
A: 10% to 35% of total energy intake as protein.
Proteins are madeup of hundreds to thousands of these connected by peptide bonds
Amino acids
Someone who follows vegan diet is most likely to have deficiency of
Vit D
Q: How many amino acids are used to make all proteins?
20
Q: What is the difference between essential and non-essential amino acids?
A: Essential amino acids must be obtained from the diet, while non-essential amino acids can be synthesized by the body.
Q: Name a food source of lysine.
A: Meat, eggs, soy, black beans, quinoa, pumpkin seeds.
Q: Name a food source of histidine.
A: Meat, fish, poultry, nuts, seeds, whole grains.
Q: Name a food source of tryptophan.
A: Wheat germ, cottage cheese, chicken, turkey.
Q: What are the four structural levels of proteins?
A: 1. Primary structure, 2. Secondary structure, 3. Tertiary structure, 4. Quaternary structure.
Q: How do temperature and pH affect protein structure?
A: Changes in temperature and pH can denature proteins, affecting their function.
Q: How do proteins cause biochemical reactions?
A: Proteins act as enzymes, catalyzing important metabolic reactions like digestion, energy production, and muscle contraction.
Q: How do proteins act as messengers?
A: Proteins form hormones and peptides that regulate body processes like sleep, metabolism, and growth.
Q: How do proteins contribute to growth and repair?
A: Proteins are broken down and used to build and repair tissues in the body.
Q: How do proteins provide structure?
A: Proteins like keratin, collagen, and elastin help form the connective framework of tissues.
Q: How do proteins maintain proper pH?
A: Proteins help balance acids and bases in the body, maintaining a stable pH.
Q: How do proteins bolster immune health?
A: Proteins help form antibodies that fight infections.
Q: How do proteins help in nutrient transport?
A: Transport proteins carry substances throughout the bloodstream and into and out of cells.
Q: Can proteins provide energy?
A: Yes, proteins provide 4 calories per gram.
A: Yes, proteins provide 4 calories per gram.
A: Seafood is low in fat and provides high-quality protein. Some, like salmon, are rich in heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids.
Q: What are the benefits of milk, cheese, and yogurt as protein sources?
A: They provide high-quality protein, calcium, and are often fortified with vitamin D.
Q: What is the benefit of soy protein?
A: Consuming 50 grams of soy protein daily can help lower cholesterol by about 3%.
Q: What is a lacto-vegetarian?
A: A vegetarian who does not consume meat, chicken, and fish but allows milk and milk products.
Q: What are the benefits of a vegetarian diet?
A: It can help lower cholesterol and blood pressure, prevent heart disease, and reduce the risk of cancer.
Q: What is a potential drawback of a vegetarian diet?
A: Vegetarians may be at risk of deficiencies in nutrients like vitamin B12, iron, zinc, calcium, and riboflavin.
Q: What is marasmus, and what are its symptoms?
A: Marasmus is a severe form of protein-energy malnutrition characterized by weakness, muscle wasting, low energy, and weight loss.
Q: What are the symptoms of kwashiorkor?
A: Edema (swelling), organ failure, a weak immune system, muscle wasting, and impaired mental health.
Q: What types of proteins are considered “complete proteins”?
A: Complete proteins contain all essential amino acids in sufficient amounts; examples include animal proteins (meat, fish, eggs) and soy.
Q: What types of proteins are considered “complete proteins”?
A: Legumes are high in protein and fiber, and when combined with grains, they provide all essential amino acids, forming a complete protein.
Q: How do vegetarians get enough protein if they avoid animal products?
A: Vegetarians can consume plant-based protein sources like legumes, soy, quinoa, nuts, seeds, and dairy (if not vegan) to meet protein needs.
What are vegetarians at risk for
B12 deficiency
