Carbohydrates

Question 1

Which monosaccharide is found in the bloodstream and is responsible for producing energy in individual cells

Answer 1

Glucose

Question 2

Which organ is responsible for producing insulin in sufficient amounts

Answer 2

Pancreas

Question 3

Q: How many kilocalories per gram do carbohydrates provide?

Answer 3

A: Carbohydrates provide 4 kilocalories per gram

Question 4

Q: What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for carbohydrates?

Answer 4

A: The AMDR for carbohydrates is 45-65% of daily kilocalorie intake

Question 5

Q: What is the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for carbohydrates for adults aged 19 to 30?

Answer 5

A: The DRI for carbohydrates is 130 grams per day

Question 6

AMDR of kcal intake from fats

Answer 6

20-35%

Question 7

AMDR of protein

Answer 7

10 - 35%

Question 8

Q: What is the chemical formula for carbohydrates?

Answer 8

A: Carbohydrates have the formula CH₂O in a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 9

Q: What are monosaccharides?

Answer 9

A: Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, often called single sugars, and include glucose, fructose, and galactose .

Question 10

Q: What is the role of glucose in the body?

Answer 10

A: Glucose is the main source of energy for the brain and central nervous system .

Question 11

Q: Where is galactose found, and what is its role?

Answer 11

A: Galactose is found in dairy products and reacts with glucose to form lactose

Question 12

Q: What is fructose, and where is it commonly found?

Answer 12

A: Fructose is a non-reducing sugar found in fruits that reacts with glucose to form sucrose

Question 13

Q: What are disaccharides, and can you give examples?

Answer 13

A: Disaccharides are sugars formed when two monosaccharides react. Examples include sucrose (glucose + fructose), maltose (glucose + glucose), and lactose (glucose + galactose) .

Question 14

Q: What are polysaccharides, and what are some examples?

Answer 14

A: Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates. Examples include starch and fiber .

Question 15

Q: What is starch, and where is it found?

Answer 15

A: Starch is the storage form of carbohydrates in plants and is found in grains, legumes, and some vegetables .

Question 16

Q: Why can’t humans digest fiber?

Answer 16

A: Human digestive enzymes cannot break down the bonds in plant fibers, so fiber passes through the body without providing calories or nutrients .

Question 17

Q: What are some food sources of dietary fiber?

Answer 17

A: Whole grains, brown rice, whole-wheat pasta, vegetables, beans, fruits like apples and bananas, and seeds .

Question 18

Q: What are the health benefits of unprocessed carbohydrates like whole grains, vegetables, and fruits?

Answer 18

A: They promote good health by delivering vitamins, minerals, fiber, and phytonutrients

Question 19

Examples of processed foods

Answer 19

A: White bread, pastries, sodas, and other highly processed or refined foods, which may contribute to weight gain and diseases like diabetes .

Question 20

Q: What role do carbohydrates play in energy production?

Answer 20

A: Carbohydrates are broken down to provide glucose for energy. Simple carbs provide a quick burst of energy, while complex carbs provide energy more slowly .

Question 21

Q: How do carbohydrates affect brain function?

Answer 21

A: The brain uses 20% of the body’s energy, and carbohydrates provide the glucose needed for proper brain function .

Question 22

Q: How do complex carbohydrates help with weight control?

Answer 22

A: Complex carbs keep you full for longer periods, helping to control appetite and manage weight

Question 23

Q: How do complex carbohydrates like fiber lower the risk of disease?

Answer 23

A: Fiber lowers cholesterol levels and reduces the risk of diabetes

Question 24

Q: What happens to carbohydrates during digestion?

Answer 24

A: Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose during digestion, which is then absorbed into the bloodstream .

Question 25

Q: Where does carbohydrate digestion predominantly occur?

Answer 25

A: Carbohydrate digestion mainly occurs in the small intestine via enzymes .

Question 26

Q: What happens to galactose and fructose once absorbed by the body?

Answer 26

A: Galactose and fructose are metabolized by the liver to produce glucose .

Question 27

Q: What is glycogen, and how is it related to carbohydrates?

Answer 27

A: Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in the body .

Question 28

Q: What are the different food groups that provide carbohydrates?

Answer 28

A: Fruits, grains, legumes, starchy vegetables like potatoes, and dairy products .

Question 29

Q: What is the kilocalorie value of protein and fats compared to carbohydrates?

Answer 29

A: Protein provides 4 kcal per gram, fats provide 9 kcal per gram, and alcohol provides 7 kcal per gram .

Question 30

Q: How is fructose metabolized in the body?

Answer 30

A: Once absorbed, fructose is converted to glucose, glycogen, or lactate by the liver .

Question 31

Q: What is the difference between simple and complex carbohydrates in terms of energy release?

Answer 31

A: Simple carbohydrates provide a quick burst of energy, while complex carbohydrates release sugar into the bloodstream more slowly, providing sustained energy .

Question 32

Q: How does eating fiber affect blood sugar levels?

Answer 32

A: Fiber helps slow the absorption of sugar into the bloodstream, preventing spikes in blood sugar levels .

Question 33

Q: Why are carbohydrates important for brain function?

Answer 33

A: The brain requires a steady supply of glucose to function properly, as it uses 20% of the body’s energy .

Question 34

Q: How does the liver process galactose after absorption?

Answer 34

A: The liver converts galactose into glucose, which can then be used for energy or stored as glycogen