Introduction Flashcards
What are the three macronutrients?
Carbohydrates, fat, and protein.
What are the three micronutrients?
Vitamins, minerals, and water.
What is nutrition?
The science of how the body uses food for energy, maintenance, and growth.
Q: What is malnutrition?
A: A state of poor nutritional status caused by lack of nutrients or excessive intake leading to health problems.
Q: Define optimal nutrition.
A: Receiving and using essential nutrients to maintain health and well-being at the highest level.
Q: What is a kilocalorie (kcal)?
A: A unit of measure representing the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C.
Q: How many kilocalories are in one pound of body fat?
3,500 kilocalories
Q: What does the WHO define as health?
A: A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease.
Q: What are the six dimensions of health?
A: Physical, intellectual, emotional, social, spiritual, and environmental health.
Q: What is wellness?
A: A lifestyle that enhances an individual’s level of health.
Q: What is primary prevention?
A: Actions taken to avert the initial development of disease (e.g., adopting a low-fat, high-fiber diet).
Q: What is secondary prevention?
A: Early detection of disease to reduce or halt its effects (e.g., reducing blood pressure through lower sodium intake).
Q: What is tertiary prevention?
A: Actions taken after disease develops to minimize complications or restore health (e.g., nutrition counseling after chemotherapy).
Q: What is health literacy?
A: The ability to understand and apply basic health concepts in decision-making.
Q: What is the role of dietary standards?
A: To bridge knowledge of essential nutrients and food consumption, guiding adequate nutrient intake.
Q: What are Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)?
A: Nutrient standards that aim to reduce deficiency diseases and diet-related chronic diseases.
Q: What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)?
A: The daily nutrient intake level that meets the needs of almost all healthy individuals in a specific life stage or gender group.
Q: What is the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)?
A: The nutrient intake level that meets the needs of 50% of individuals in a specific group.
Q: What is the Adequate Intake (AI)?
A: The approximate intake level observed in a group or population that appears to maintain good health.
Q: What is the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)?
A: The maximum daily intake of a nutrient that is unlikely to cause adverse health effects.
Q: What are Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs)?
A: Guidelines for daily intake of macronutrients to provide adequate energy and nutrients while reducing the risk of chronic diseases.
Q: What percentage of kcal intake should come from carbohydrates according to AMDRs?
A: 45-65%.
Q: What percentage of kcal intake should come from fats according to AMDRs?
A: 20-35%.
Q: What percentage of kcal intake should come from protein according to AMDRs?
A: 10-35%.
Q: What is the most common measure for dietary energy intake?
A: Kilocalories (kcal).
Q: What is the RDA for calcium for women aged 51-70 years?
A: 1,200 mg per day.
Q: What is stunting, and what is its prevalence in the Philippines?
A: Stunting is being too short for one’s age due to chronic malnutrition, affecting 30.3% of children under five in the Philippines.
Q: What law in the Philippines aims to end stunting and malnutrition?
A: RA 11148 or the First 1,000 Days Law.
Purposefully planned for implementation in a school setting
Formal Education
Takes place through organized teaching and learning events in the hospitals, clinics, and community centers.
Non-formal education
Encompasses a variety of educational experiences that occur through daily activities.
Informal education
the ability to understand basic health
concepts and apply them to one’s own health decisions.
Health literacy
