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Nutrition > Minerals > Flashcards

Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Q: What are minerals?

A

A: Minerals are inorganic elements that are essential for various bodily functions, such as forming bones and teeth, regulating body fluids, and contributing to metabolic processes.

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2
Q

Q: How are minerals categorized?

A

A: Minerals are categorized as macrominerals (required in larger amounts) and microminerals (trace elements required in smaller amounts).

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3
Q

Q: What are examples of macrominerals?

A

A: Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, and sulfur.

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4
Q

Q: What are examples of microminerals (trace elements)?

A

A: Iron, zinc, iodine, selenium, copper, manganese, fluoride, and chromium.

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5
Q

Q: What is the primary function of calcium in the body?

A

A: Calcium is essential for bone and teeth formation, blood clotting, nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and heart function.

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6
Q

Q: What are food sources of calcium?

A

A: Dairy products (milk, cheese, yogurt), leafy greens (broccoli, kale), fortified foods, and fish with bones (sardines, salmon).

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7
Q

Q: What role does phosphorus play in the body?

A

A: Phosphorus is involved in the formation of bones and teeth, and it helps the body use carbohydrates and fats. It is also essential for ATP production and energy metabolism.

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8
Q

Q: What are common sources of phosphorus?

A

A: Meat, fish, poultry, eggs, dairy products, nuts, seeds, and legumes.

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9
Q

Q: What is magnesium’s role in the body?

A

A: Magnesium supports muscle and nerve function, blood sugar regulation, and the production of protein, bone, and DNA.

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10
Q

Q: What are good dietary sources of magnesium?

A

A: Leafy green vegetables, nuts, seeds, whole grains, and legumes.

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11
Q

Q: What is sodium’s function in the body?

A

A: Sodium helps maintain fluid balance, supports nerve transmission, and aids in muscle contraction.

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12
Q

Q: What are dietary sources of sodium?

A

A: Table salt, processed foods, soy sauce, and naturally occurring in vegetables and dairy.

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13
Q

Q: Why is potassium important?

A

A: Potassium is essential for fluid balance, nerve transmission, and muscle function, including heart function.

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14
Q

Q: What foods are high in potassium?

A

A: Bananas, oranges, potatoes, spinach, and tomatoes.

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15
Q

Q: What is the role of chloride in the body?

A

A: Chloride helps maintain fluid balance, aids in digestion by forming stomach acid (HCl), and supports nerve and muscle function.

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16
Q

Q: What are dietary sources of chloride?

A

A: Table salt, seaweed, tomatoes, olives, and celery.

17
Q

Q: What is the function of sulfur in the body?

A

A: Sulfur is important for the structure of proteins and enzymes and plays a role in the detoxification processes.

18
Q

Q: What foods provide sulfur?

A

A: Protein-rich foods like meat, fish, poultry, eggs, legumes, and dairy products.

19
Q

Q: What is the main function of iron in the body?

A

A: Iron is crucial for the production of hemoglobin, which transports oxygen in the blood, and myoglobin in muscles.

20
Q

Q: What are good sources of iron?

A

A: Red meat, poultry, fish, lentils, beans, and fortified cereals.

21
Q

Q: Why is zinc important?

A

A: Meat, shellfish, legumes, seeds, nuts, dairy products, and whole grains.

22
Q

Q: What is the primary function of iodine in the body?

A

A: Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth, and development.

23
Q

Q: What are dietary sources of iodine?

A

A: Iodized salt, seafood, dairy products, and seaweed.

24
Q

Q: What is selenium’s role in the body?

A

A: Selenium is a key component of antioxidant enzymes, which protect cells from damage. It also supports immune function and thyroid health.

25
Q

Q: What function does copper serve in the body?

A

A: Copper helps with iron absorption, the formation of red blood cells, and maintaining healthy bones, blood vessels, and nerves.

26
Q

Q: What is the role of manganese in the body?

A

A: Manganese helps in bone formation, blood clotting, and reducing inflammation. It also supports metabolism by activating enzymes.

27
Q

Q: Why is fluoride important?

A

A: Fluoride strengthens teeth and prevents dental cavities. It also supports the maintenance of bone structure.

28
Q

Q: What is the role of chromium in the body?

A

A: Chromium enhances the action of insulin and helps regulate blood sugar levels.

29
Q

Q: What are dietary sources of chromium?

A

A: Broccoli, potatoes, whole grains, beef, and poultry.

30
Q

Q: What can a calcium deficiency lead to?

A

A: A deficiency in calcium can cause osteoporosis, brittle bones, and dental issues.

31
Q

Q: What can a calcium deficiency lead to?

A

A: A deficiency in calcium can cause osteoporosis, brittle bones, and dental issues.

32
Q

Q: What are the consequences of iodine deficiency?

A

A: Iodine deficiency can lead to goiter (enlarged thyroid) and developmental issues in children.

33
Q

Q: What are the risks of excess sodium intake?

A

A: Excess sodium can lead to high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke.

34
Q

Q: What happens with too much fluoride intake?

A

A: Excess fluoride can cause dental fluorosis (discoloration of teeth) and skeletal fluorosis.

35
Q

Q: What disease is linked to selenium deficiency?

A

A: Keshan disease – a heart condition, and Kashin-Beck disease, which affects joints and bones.

36
Q

Q: What disease can result from copper deficiency?

A

A: Menkes disease – affects copper distribution, leading to neurological degeneration, weak bones, and blood vessel issues.

37
Q

Q: What is the general recommendation for daily water intake?

A

Adult 1 ml/kcal
Infant 1.5 ml/kcal

Nutrition (10 decks)

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