Digestion Absorption And Metabolism Flashcards
What is overall transit time for food to move the plate to the body cells
16 to 27
Which organ is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption
Small intestine
Q: What are the main functions of the digestive system?
A: Growth, maintenance, and energy needs depend on the nutrients available. The digestive system processes foods and relies on nutrient intake for its maintenance. The processes of digestion, absorption, and metabolism provide energy and nutrients to all body cells.
Q: What are the two types of digestion?
A: Mechanical digestion and chemical digestion.
What are salivary glands
A: The salivary glands secrete saliva to initiate the process of digestion.
Q: What is a bolus?
A: A bolus is a portion of pulverized or masticated food formed into the shape of a ball, ready to travel down the esophagus.
Q: What is the function of the esophagus?
A: The esophagus is a muscular tube through which the bolus travels from the mouth to the stomach through the action of peristalsis.
Q: What are the major functions of the stomach?
A: The stomach mixes food with gastric secretions to form chyme and aids in digestion and nutrient absorption. It also controls the passage of chyme into the small intestine via the pyloric sphincter.
Q: What is the small intestine responsible for?
A: The small intestine is the major organ of digestion and most absorption. It consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, with structures like villi and microvilli that increase surface area for absorption.
Q: What role do hormones play in digestion?
A: Hormones like secretin, bile, and cholecystokinin (CCK) regulate the release of digestive juices once chyme enters the small intestine.
Q: What are the main processes involved in absorption?
A: Passive diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and pinocytosis.
Q: How does the structure of the small intestine assist in absorption?
A: The villi and microvilli in the small intestine increase the surface area for efficient absorption of nutrients.
Q: What are the factors that affect nutrient absorption?
A: Bioavailability and the relationship between food and drug absorption.
Q: What are the major nutrient transport systems?
A: The general circulatory system (blood), the lymphatic system, and the liver.
Q: How does metabolism function in the body?
A: Metabolism includes catabolism and anabolism, which transform nutrients into energy and are involved in the formation and maintenance of body structures.
