Protein

Question 1

How many type of amino acid?
essential?
non essential?

Answer 1

20 different types amino acid
9 essential
body cannot make just get in diet
11 non essential
body can make conditionally有條件地 essential

Question 2

structure of protein? smallest ?
where absorb?

Answer 2

amino acids <peptides<protein
small intestine cells throw villi absorb amino acids

Question 3

How protein in immune function?

Answer 3

antibody and blood contain protein
antigen> antibody
antibody attack and inactivate bacteria and viruses cause infection

Question 4

lack protein will cause? why?
How protein acid-base balance of blood PH? depend on which acidic ion ?

Answer 4

swelling> edema 滲透壓不足
proteins in blood helps to maintain fluid levels in vascular system.
PH in blood 7.35-7.45
protein pick up extra hydrogen ion when conditions are acidic
protein donate hydrogen ion when conditions are alkaline

Question 5

what if protein in deficiency? x 6

Answer 5

dry skin and hair 生倒剌
nail broken
hypotention
anemia
cold feet and hand
edmea

Question 6

Severe protein deficiency?

Answer 6

kwashiorkor
thin / abdominal and limbs edema
Marasmus
very thin (no protein)

Question 7

How protein transport function? how?

Answer 7

many substances in and out of cells via proteins that across the membranes
eg: sodium and potassium pump 3 Na out 2 K in

Question 8

macronutrients can exchange together except?

Answer 8

carbohydrates can change to fat and protein
protein can change to carbohydrates and fat
fat just can change to carbohydrates
fat cannot change to protein

Question 9

what happen excess protein? x5

Answer 9

heart disease
strain 損傷 kidney function
increase urinary calcium excretion
obesity-diet also high in fat
uric acid > gout

Question 10

water is most inside our body next is? ?%

Answer 10

protein 7%
water 91%

Question 11

3 types protein in blood = plasma?

Answer 11

血漿蛋白
55％白蛋白組成
助脂肪和類固醇激素在血漿運輸。
35％球蛋白組成
助離子,激素和血脂的運輸參與免疫功能。
4％纖維蛋白原
凝血功能。

Question 12

血漿中含有多種免疫球蛋白，存在5種型?

Answer 12

IgA、IgD、IgE、IgG以及IgM

Question 13

Can protein store in body?
can find in where?

Answer 13

Amino acids are not stored by body, must be obtained from the diet
in all cells is cell ingredient
eg : Insulin is type of protein

Question 14

High protein food?
veggie?

Answer 14

pumpkin seeds
almonds
tofu
cheese
egg/ shrimp/lean beef/salmon
plant protein limiting amino acid (20 types) like a wooden casks so lower than meat

Question 15

the relationship between calcium and protein?

Answer 15

excess protein body change more acid > destroy calcium from bone to neutral the acid lead to osteoporosis

Question 16

unabsorbed protein produce ?
then transportation to liver change to ?

Answer 16

ammonia NH3 to liver 解毒性 change to urea尿素 or urine acid to kidney excretion from urine

Question 17

which 3 enzyme digest protein to peptide which enzyme digest to amino acid?

Answer 17

由胃部分泌 >胃蛋白酶Pepsin
胰臟 > 胰蛋白酶Trypsin
胰凝乳蛋白酶Chymotrypsin
多肽酶peptidase分成胺基酸

Question 18

Ex: protein function? x 8

Answer 18

膠原蛋白（Collagen）是一種蛋白質skin bone hair
emzyme digestion 酶（Enzyme），是一種存在於生物體內的蛋白質
Hormones all are protein
Antibodies
water balance
maintain pH levels
transporting substances protein pump
product energy > when starvation

Question 19

RNIs ? g/ day

Answer 19

60-90 g/d

Question 20

20種胺基酸?

Answer 20

蛋白質經水解後，即生成20種胺基酸，如甘胺酸（Glycine）、丙胺酸（Alanine）、纈胺酸（Valine）、亮胺酸（Leucine）、異亮胺酸（Isoleucine）、苯丙胺酸（Phenylalanine）、色胺酸（Tryptophan）、酪胺酸（Tyrosine）、天門冬胺酸（Aspartate）、組織胺酸（Histidine）、天門冬醯胺（Asparagine）、麩胺酸（Glutamate）、賴胺酸（Lysine）、谷胺醯胺（Glutamine）、甲硫胺酸（Methionine）、精胺酸（Arginine）、絲胺酸（Serine）、蘇胺酸（Threonine）、半胱胺酸（Cysteine）、脯胺酸（Proline）等等。

Question 21

谷胺醯胺（Glutamine）?

Answer 21

谷氨酸 lutamine
谷氨酸是免疫細胞的主要營養素之一，有助於增強免疫系統

谷氨酸在肌肉恢復和修復有關鍵作用。減輕運動後的肌肉疲勞和損傷，促進肌肉的恢復和生長。

谷氨酸是腸道細胞主要能量來源，維護腸道屏障功能

傷口癒合提供能量和資源給傷口周圍的細胞，促進傷口癒合和修復。

供能給特定細胞如免疫細胞和腸道上皮細胞，可以利用谷氨酸作為能量來源，幫助它們正常運作和執行各自的功能。