minerals Flashcards
calcium reaction with?
phosphate and calcium will combine
lower phosphate and calcium absorb
in Body > bone loss
lower absorb in zine, iron, magnesium
7 major minerals?
6 are electrolytes
Calcium (Ca 2+), phosphorus (PO4 2-), magnesium (Mg 2+), Chloride (Cl-),
Potassium (K+), Sodium (Na+)
sulfur 硫磺
9 Trace minerals?
Chromium, copper, fluoride, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum,
selenium, zinc
有碘（I）、鐵（Fe）、鋅（Zn）、硒（Se）、鈷（Co）、鉻（Cr）、銅（Cu）、錳（Mn）、鍶（Sr），以及鉬
all minerals are absorbed in?
intestines > bloodstream and cells, excess excreted via urine
calcium
Function? x 5
RNI? UL?
Builds bones
remain bones strong by slowing the rate of bone loss as we age
Helps muscles to contract and our heart to beat
Plays a role in normal nerve function
Helps our blood clot if bleeding
RNI:1000mg/d
UL: 2000mg/d
calcium food sources?
Milk, yogurt, cheese
Calcium-fortified soy milk/ almond milk
Dark-green leafy vegetables
Fish with edible可食的 bones
calcium
deficient?
overdose?
deficient
affect bone density and
bone loss> osteoporosis
overdose
cause kidney stones and poor kidney function
affect the absorption of iron, magnesium, zinc
phosphate
function? x 5
RNI and UL?
part of DNA and RNA
component of bone and teeth
ingredient of phospholipid
produce ATP energy
PH balance phosphate is neutral
RNI: 720mg UL: 3500 mg
phosphate food sources?
Protein-rich foods -
milk, meat, poultry, fish, tofu and eggs
Legumes
Nuts
which medicine lowers the phosphorus level?x1
deficient? x 3
Antacid: aluminum hydroxide
that works as a phosphate binder in the intestine to bind the phosphorus from foods, causing the phosphorus to be removed in the stool rather than being absorbed into the blood.
deficient:
Bone loss
Weakness
Loss of appetite
magnesium function? x 5
RNI?
stimulate enzymes to activate producing
energy, making protein, and muscle contractions
maintain bone and nervous muscle
中和胃酸
鎂的補充劑可能會引起腹瀉
阻止腸液被腸壁吸收而其導瀉作用。一般用藥後4-8小時可排出半流動性軟便
RNI: 330 mg UL :—
magnesium food?
Legumes
Nuts
Whole grains
Green vegetables
Chloride function?x 3
1)regulate fluids in and out of the body cells
2)It is a component of the stomach acid, aids digestion and absorption of nutrient
3)Helps to transmit nerve impulses or signals
RNI 2300 mg
food: Salt is made of sodium and chloride
1/4 teaspoon of salt contains 750mg of chloride
Potassium
Functions? x 4
AI?
regulate fluids and mineral balance in and out of cells
maintain blood pressure
Helps to transmit nerve impulses or signals
Helps our muscles to contract
AI: 2000 mg
Food sources of potassium?
Fruits (banana, orange)
Vegetables (tomato, okra, bell peppers)
Fresh meat, poultry, fish
Potassium (Electrolyte)
If deficient?
For healthy people, it is rare except to lose a lot of water. Examples: Diarrhoea, vomiting, Kidney problems
Symptoms:
Muscle cramps, Weakness, fatigue
Loss of appetite, nausea
Sodium (Electrolyte)
Functions?
AI?
regulate body fluids in and out of cells
muscles, heart to relax
transmit nerve impulses or signals
Helps to regulate blood pressure
AI: 1500 mg 1/4 tsp salt = 500mg sodium
Sulfur?
food source?
maintain the elasticity of the skin
Help muscles, skin, and bones maintain shape
Found in protein-rich foods:
Meat and poultry; fish and seafood; nuts and seeds; eggs and dairy; asparagus蘆筍; broccoli; legumes; dried peaches/apricots
Drinking water also contains Sulfur
