Prostate & Urinary Bladder Cancers

Question 1

from which zone of the prostate does BPH arise?

Answer 1

the transitional zone

Question 2

from which zone do the majority of prostate cancers originate?

Answer 2

peripheral zone

Question 3

what is the clinical presentation of prstatic cancer?

Answer 3

• Gross majority asymptomatic and are picked up by PSA tests and abnormal DRE findings
• Lower urinary tract symptoms
• Hematuria / Haematospermia•Bone pain, Anorexia, Weight loss

Question 4

what else apart from prostate cancer elevates PSA?

Answer 4

•Other conditions which elevate the PSA :

• Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
  - Prostatitis / UTI’s
  - Retention
  - Catheterization
  - DRE

Question 5

what is different about prostatic bone metastates from the prostate?

Answer 5

Lesions are sclerotic

Question 6

what are the 2 most common types of uroepithelial tumours?

Answer 6

transitional cell 90%

squamous cell 9%

Question 7

what are the 2 different types of transitional cell carcinomas?

Answer 7

•PAPILLARY TYPE 80%
–50% ARE INFILTRATIVE MALIGNANCIES

•NONPAPILLARY TYPE 20%
–ALL CONSIDERED TO BE MALIGNANT