Prostate A&P Flashcards
What is the prostate gland
Walnut-sized gland between bladder and penis
The prostate is what kind of organ and how long does it measure
Fibromuscular organ
3 cm in length
The prostate surrounds the
Neck or bladder and urethra
What 2 structures pass through the prostate gland
Urethra and ejaculator ducts
The urethra runs through the ___ of the prostate
Center
What does the vas deferens do
Bring sperm from the testes to the seminal vesicles
What do the seminal vesicles contribute
Fluid to semen during ejaculation
What does the prostate secrete
Milky and alkaline fluid that nourishes and protects sperm
The prostate fluid contains chemicals that make
Semen more liquidy so that sperm can swim more freely
What is the average amount of semen released during ejaculation is between - ml
2-5 ml
What are the 3 zones of the prostate gland
Central zone
Peripheral zone
Transition zone
This zone of the prostate occupies __% of the gland
25%
The central zone consists of _____ glands which open directly into
Mucosal glands
Directly into the urethra
This zone of the prostate occupies __% and also the major site for _____
Peripheral
70%
Major site for prostatic cancer
Glands in the peripheral zone opens into the ____ via the ___ ducts
Urethra via the long ducts
This zone of the prostate is the site where most benign prostatic hyperplasia originates
Transition zone
Glands of the transitional zone of the prostate are _____ and they open into the ____ via ____ ducts
Submucosal
Urethra via short ducts
This is the most superior part of the prostate gland
Base
The base of the prostate is __cm portion of this gland
1cm
The base of the prostate lies
Against and continuous with bladder neck
Anterior to the base of the prostate is the
Symphysis pubis
This is the most inferior portion of the prostate gland
Apex
The apex of the prostate is ____ cm portion of the gland
0.5cm
Where is the apex of the prostate lies
Infertiot to the upper surface of the urogenital diaphragm
What is the space between the base and apex called
Mid-gland
The peripheral zone is separated from the other 2 zones by a
Capsule
The central zone extends from the
Base to narrowing at the verumontanum
What is the verumontnum
Enterance of seminal vesicle
Where is the central zone located
Base of prostate
In the central zone the inward extension of ______ space composed of
Extraprostatic space, losse connective tissue
Where is the site where the seminal vesicles and/or ejaculatory ducts enter the central zone
Extraprostatic space
Extraprostatic space is devoid of
Prostatic capsule
Where does the centra zone terminate
Proximal urethra near the verumontanum
Which zone do benign prostatic hyperplasia usually originate
Transitional zone
What is the main function of the prostate
Secrete milky & alkaline fluids that nourishes and protects sperm
The fluid from the prostate forms the main bulk of
Ejaculation
The vas deferens bring sperm form ___ to ___ ___
Testes to seminal vesicles
The seminal vesicles contribute
Fluid to semen during ejaculation
2 small pea-sized exocrine glands
Bulbourethral gland
Where are the bulbourethral glands located
Behind and lateral to urehtra at base of penis
The bulbourethral gland releases ____ to lubricate the ____ to allow ____ to pass through.
Bulbourethral glands helps flush out any _____ urine or ____ matter and reduces ____
Release fluid to lub urethra to allow sperm to pass through
Residual, foreign, reduces acidity of urethra
Where does the arterial supply of the prostate gland comes from
Internal iliac artery
Inferior vesical artery
Middle rectal artery
Internal pudendal artery
What is the venous drainage of the prostate gland form and drain
Veins form prostatic plexus
Drain into Interal iliac vein
Lymphatics of the prostate gland drain in how many directions
3
What are the directions of lymphatic drainage
Lymphatics from prostate
Lymphatics from dorsal region
Lymphatics from apex of prostate
The lymphatics from the prostate gland mainy drain along the
Prostatic & internal iliac vessels into internal and common iliac lymph nodes
The prostate gland receives sympathetic input via the
Parasympathetic input via the
S - Hypogastric nerve
P - Pelvic nerve
What is the relational anatomy of the prostate:
Anterior
Symphysis pubis
Abdominal wall
Urethra enters near anterior wall
What is the relational anatomy of the prostate:
Inferior
Perineum
Urogenital diaphragm
What is the relational anatomy of the prostate:
Posterior
Rectum
Ejaculatory ducts enter posterior-superior
What is the relational anatomy of the prostate:
Lateral
Levatr ani muscles
What is the relational anatomy of the prostate:
Superior
Bladder
What are the indications for an U/S test on the prostate
Trouble urinating
Blood in urine
Low sperm count
What approaches can you take to look at the prostate
Transabdominal
Transrectal
What is the sonographical appearance of the prostate
Homogenous, low-level echoes
Acid phosphatase is found in
Prostate gland and semen in high concentrations
When is acid phosphatase elevated
Carcinoma has spread beyond prostate capsule
Alkaline phosphatase is produced by
Osteoblasts
Enzyme whose purpose is to break down coagulated semen
Prostate specific antigen
When is alkaline phosphatase elevated
Associated with bony metastases, not specific to prostate cancer
When is PSA (Prostate specific antigen) elevated
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
INfection
Carcinoma
High risk of cancer spread beyond prostate