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Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary male reproductive structure

A

Scrotum

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2
Q

The scrotum consists of a suspended

A

Dual-chambered sack of skin

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3
Q

Which testis is typically lower

A

Left testis

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4
Q

In the scrotum the contraction of this muscle adjusts it’s position in the pelvic cavity

A

Contraction of cremaster muscles

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5
Q

In young boys the scrotal layers alternate

A

Ridges and grooves

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6
Q

In older men the scrotum becomes

A

Elongated and flaccid

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7
Q

What are the 2 external layers of the scrotum

A

Skin and dartos tunic

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8
Q

What are the scrotal layers

A

Skin
Dartos Fascia & Muscle
External spermatic fascia
Creamasteric fascia
Internal spermatic fascia
Tunica vaginalis
Tunica albuginea

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9
Q

The dartos forms the

A

Median raphe

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10
Q

What does the tunica vaginalis separate

A

Scrotal alyers from tunica albuginea

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11
Q

What are the 3 layers of the tuncia vaginalis

A

Parietal
Visceral
Vaginalis Sac

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12
Q

What is the parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis

A

Outer layer of vaginalis

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13
Q

What is the visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis

A

Inner layer of the vaginalis

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14
Q

What is the vaginalis sac of the tunica vaginalis

A

Potential space between the 2 layers of the tunica vaginalis

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15
Q

The testis are the central to the

A

Function of the male repro system

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16
Q

What are testis responsible for

A

Productino of sperm cells and the male sex hormone (Testosterone)

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17
Q

The testis can produced how many sperm in a lifetime
How many are realized in a single ejaculation

A

12 Trillion sperm
400 Million sperm

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18
Q

What is the function of the exocrine gland for testis

A

Produces spermatozoa

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19
Q

What is the function of the endocrine gland for testis

A

Synthesizes and secretes testosterone

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20
Q

What is the usual size of the testis for the following:
Weight -
Length -
Width -
Height -

A

We - 12.9-19g
L - 3-5 cm
Wi - 2-4 cm
H - 3 cm

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21
Q

What is the usual shape of testis

A

Symmetric
Oval-shape
Smooth contour

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22
Q

The location of the each testis usually lies protected in the _____
Attached to ____ ____
Sit _____ in scrotum
Upper pole more _____
Lower pole more _____

A

Protected by scrotum
Attached to spermatic cord
Sit obliquely in scrotum
UP - Anterolateral
LP - Posterolateral

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23
Q

What is the 1st portion or outside cover of the testis

A

Tunica albuginea

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24
Q

Dense, fibrous capsule covering the tesis

A

Tunica albuginea

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25
The tunica albuginea extends inward and divides
Each testis into 250-400 lobules
26
The lobules are internal compartments formed by
Projections of tunica albuginea
27
The lobules of the testes contain
Seminiferous tubules and interstitial cells
28
The bases of the lobules are located
Near surface and apices converge toward the mediastinum testis
29
The tesis is divided internally into about how many compartments
250
30
Each compartment on the testes contain _-_ small convoluted ____ ____ within which _____ are produced
1-3 small convoluted seminiferous tubules within which spermatozoa are produced
31
This produced sperm
Seminiferous tubules
32
Sperm moves through the seminiferous convoluted tubules to the ___ ___ which leads to ____ ____
Straight tubules Leads to rete testis
33
Network of channels and cavities formed by seminiferous tubules
Rete testis
34
Anastomosing network of delicate tubules located in the hilum of the testicle
Rete testis
35
The rete testis drains/carries sperm from tests into ____ ____ which drain into ____ that form the _____ head
Efferent ducts Drain into tubules Form epididymal head
36
How does rete testis appear sonographically Replace and enlarge?
Multiple small cystic or tubular anechoic structures Testicular mediastinum
37
Thickened portion of albuginea
Mediastinum testes
38
Where is the mediastinum testes located
In hilum of the testis
39
How does mediastinum testes appear sonographically
Thin echogenic/hyperechoic band
40
This is an anomaly of the testes
Appendix testis (Hydatid of Morgangi)
41
The appendix testis is a remnant of
Paramesonephric duct in males (Müllerian duct)
42
T or F: Appendix testis degenerates
True
43
The appendix testis is ___ (Rare or common) and can become ____
Rare, can become torsed
44
1/3 of patients with appendix testis present with a
Palpable "blue dot" discoloration on the scrotum
45
What is the pathway of sperm
Testis -> Epididymis -> Vas deference -> Ejaculatory duct -> Urethra
46
What does the spermatic cord consist of
Vas deferens 3 arteries Pampiniform plexus Lymphatics
47
What are the 3 arteries in the spermatic cord
Testicular Cremasteric Deferential
48
The spermatic cord will be seen on U/S as a tubular ____ structure in ______ tissue of the ____ canal
Echogenic structure Subcutaneous tissue Inguinal canal
49
Spermatic cord is a supporting structure of the
Testes
50
What is the function of the spermatic cord
Suspend the testis in the scrotum Contain structres running to and from testis
51
Where does the spermatic cord travel through
Inguinal canal
52
Where does the vas deferens emerge from
Tail of epididymis
53
The vas deferens transmits mature ____ to the ___ ___ and ____
Sperm to the ejaculatory duct and urethra
54
Where is the location of the vas deferens? Runs through ___ Location ___
Runs through spermatic cord Located posterior surface of the bladder
55
What is the terminal portion of the vas deferns called
Ampulla
56
The ampulla of the vas deferens joins the ? Forms the ?
Joins the duct of the seminal vesicle Forms the ejaculatory duct
57
Pair of tube-like glands
Seminal vesicles
58
Where are the seminal vesicles located
Behind bladder
59
T or F: Seminal vesicles are straight
F Curled up
60
What is the role of the seminal vesicles
Productino of fluid that mixes with sperm and makes up significant % of semen
61
The fluid produced by the seminal vesicle is rich in
Sugars Proteins Citric acid Inorganic phosphorus Potassium Prostaglandin
62
The fluid produced by the seminal vesicles is desgined to feed the
Sperm
63
The ejaculatory duct is the union of the
Vas deferns and the seminal vesicle duct
64
The ejaculatory ducts pass through the ? And empties into the ?
Posterior surface of the prostate Empties into the urethra at the colliculus seminalis
65
In the ejaculatory ducts the semen passes through the ___ urethra through the ___ and exists the body via the ____
Prostatic urethra, ducts, penis
66
Connected to th etesticle and overlies it like a cap
Epididymis
67
What is the coma of the epididymis
Shaped and curves along the posterior border of the testis
68
What is the usual length of the epididymis
6 cm
69
Laterally a groove lies between the testis and the epididymis and is lined by the
Tunica vaginalis
70
What is the usual size of the head (Globus major) of the epididymis
10-12 mm
71
What is the usual size of the body (corpus) of the epididymis
< 4mm
72
What is the usual size of the tail (Globus minor)
< 4mm
73
What is the usual shape of the head of the epididymis
Triangular with smooth edges
74
What is the usual shape od the body of the epididymis
Elongated structure
75
What is the usual shape of the tail of the epididymis
Tapered end of the body
76
What is the location of the head of the epididymis Directly on? Lateral to?
Directly on upper pole of testis Lateral to superior pole of testis
77
What is the location of the body of the epididymis
Along posterior lateral aspect of testicle
78
What is the location of the tail of the epididymis
Curved structure at inferior aspect of the testicle
79
What are the 3 arteries that supply the testes and where they arise from
Testicular artery - Aorta Cremasteric artery - Branch of inferior epigastric artery Deferential artery - Superior vesical artery
80
The veins drain the testis and exit at the
Mediastinum
81
What are the veins apart of male repro system
Right and left testicular veins
82
The right testicular veins drain into the
IVC
83
The left testicular vein drains into the
Left renal vein
84
When is human chorionic gonadotropin increased
Seminoma Embryonal tumor of testes
85
When is testosterone increased
Testicular tumor Adrenal hyperplasia Benign or malignant adrenal tumor
86
When is testosterone decreased
Orchiectomy Testicular/Prostate carcinoma Cirrhosis Primary or secondary hypogonadism
87
Principle androgen secreted by Leydig cells
Testosterone
88
Induces male puberty
Testosterone
89
Maintains male secondary sex characteristics
Testosterone
90
Increases pituitary secretion of FSh or production of gonadotropin by tumors can raise levels in blood
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
91
Found in prostate gland and semen in high concentrations
Acid Phosphatase
92
Produced by osteoblasts
Alkaline Phosphatase
93
Enzyme whose purpose is to break down coagulated semen
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
94
When is acid phospahte elevated
Carcinoma has spread beyond prostate capsule
95
What is alkaline phosphatase associated with
Bony metastases
96
When is Prostate Specific Antigen elevated
BPH - Benign Portal Hypertrophy Infection Carcinoma High risk of spreading
97
What is the sonographic apperance of the scrotum Tunica vaginalis?
2-8 mm thick, Can appear as vag stripe Can contain few cc of fluid
98
How do the testes appear sonographically
Homogeneous with medium level echoes Smooth wall
99
T or F: Testis & epididymis should be compared in size & echogenicity
True
100
How does the mediastinum testis appear sonographically
Highly echogenic Linear structure peripherally located in posterior-superior aspect of testis
101
How does the appendix testes appear sonographically
Small ovoid structure beneath head of epididymis
102
How do the head, body, and tail of the epididymis appear sonographically
H - Isoechoic/slightly more echogenic than tesis B - Isoechoic/slightly less echogenic than head & testes T - Slightly thicker than body
103
Form of male birth control that cuts the supply of sperm to semen
Vasectomy
104
What are the indications of an U/S exam for men
Scrotal pain Palpable mass Enlargement Trauma Undescended testicle Infertility Primary tumor

Reproductive Sonography (9 decks)

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