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SRNAPharmacology II > Prostaglandins-COMP > Flashcards

Prostaglandins-COMP Flashcards

1
Q

Prostaglandins act as

A

Local hormones.

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2
Q

Prostaglandins are synthesized in the body form the essentials fatty acids

A

Arachidonic acid
Dihydrolinoleic acid
Eicosapentaenoic acid

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3
Q

Arachidonic acid is a component of _________is released by

A

Cell membrane ; Action of phospholipase C and phospholipase A2

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4
Q

Phospholipase enzymes are inhibited by

A

Corticosteroids

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5
Q

Phospholipase A2 leads to

A

Arachidonic acid

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6
Q

Arachidonic Acid gives rise to 2 pathways

A

Cyclooxygenase and Lipooxygenase

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7
Q

Pathway of clyclooxygenase lead to

A

Endoperoxides leading to Thromboxane synthethase and prostacyclin synthethase, leading to thromboxane and prostacyclin

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8
Q

Pathway of Lipooxygenase lead to

A

5-Hydroxy-Arachidonic Acid –> Leukotrienes

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9
Q

Mechanism of Action of Prostaglandins

A

Stimulate synthesis of cyclic Adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) by activation of adenylate cyclase

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10
Q

cAMP activates protein A to express it effect, including decreased free intracellular concentration of calcium which leads to

A

Vascular relaxation

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11
Q

Act as filter fro many of the prostaglandins

A

Lungs

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12
Q

Half time of Thromboxane A2

A

30 seconds

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13
Q

Half time of Prostacyclin

A

3 minutes

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14
Q

Under strict regulation of prostacyclins

A

Normal platelet function and hemostasis

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15
Q

Regulated by prostaglandins

A

Renal blood flow

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16
Q

Prostaglandins maintain or increase

A

mucosal blood flow and help increase secretion mucus and bicarb in the stomach

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17
Q

What is the principal Cyclooxygenase product of arachidonic acid in platelet?

A

Thromboxane

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18
Q

Act as an intense stimulus for platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction

A

Thromboxane

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19
Q

Low doses of ASA

A

IRREVERSIBLY inhibits Thromboxane

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20
Q

NSAIDS

A

Reversible inhibited by NSAIDS

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21
Q

The most potent endogenous inhibitor of platelet aggregation and is a potent vasodilator

A

Prostacyclin

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22
Q

Doses needed to inhibit both thromboxane and prostacyclin production

A

Large doses of ASA

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23
Q

What is important in maintaining platelet activity and coagulation?

A

A normal Thromboxane to prostacyclin ratio

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24
Q

What can lead to decrease blood flow leading to possible ischemia or infarction of vital organs?

A

Increase thromboxane

Decrease prostacyclin

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25
Q

What can lead to Bleeding disorders?

A

Decrease Thromboxane

increase prostacyclin

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26
Q

What is the major site of prostaglandin synthesis?

A

The lungs

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27
Q

Can lead to bronchial asthma

A

Thromboxane and prostacyclin

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28
Q

Leukotrienes vs histamine

A

Leukotrienes have thousand times more potent bronchial smooth muscle vasoconstriction activity than histamine

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29
Q

ASA can lead to an increase in

A

production of leukotrienes

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30
Q

Intrarenal release of prostaglandins lead to

A

Modulate renal blood flow and GFR

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31
Q

Inhibition of cyclooxygenase with NSAID

A

can interfere with normal renal prostaglandin protective mechanisms and accentuate catecholamine induced renal vasoconstriction

32
Q

Used for primary pulmonary HTN

A

Epoprosterenol (flolan)

33
Q

Illoprost

A

Derivative of prostacyclin

34
Q

Uniprost

A

Derivative of prostacyclin

35
Q

Treatment (inhaler) of Pulmonary HTN

A

Illoprost

36
Q

Administered SC by portable pump

A

Uniprost

37
Q

Epoprosteronol also known as

A

Prostacyclin and PGI2, strong vasodilator

38
Q

MOA epoprosterenol

A

A potent endogenous inhibitor of platelet aggregation

39
Q

Epoprosterenol Steady state levels are reached in

A

15 mins with continuous infusion

40
Q

Half life Epoprosterenol

A

2.7 - 6 minutes

41
Q

Epoprosterenol usually initiated at

A

2ng/kg/min

42
Q

Never do this with EPOPROSTERENOL

A

Never interrupt infusion

43
Q

Monitoring parameters for Isoproterenol

A

Improvement in pulmonary function
PA pressures
PVR
HR and decrease in dyspnea

44
Q

Use for temporary maintenance of ductus arteriosus in neonates with ductul dependant CHD until surgery

A

ALPROSTADIL

45
Q

Newest medication may see with PUMP

A

Label: REMODULIN (treprostinil)

46
Q

Controlled hypotension achieved with a continuous dose of

A

Alprostadil

47
Q

Alprostadil dose for controlled hypotension

A

0.1ng/kg/min to maintain CBF

48
Q

Used to treat ED

A

Alprostadil

49
Q

Alprostadil

A

Vasodilation and inhibition of platelet aggregation

50
Q

Administration by IV prevents premature closure of the ductus arteriosus until surgery can be performed

A

Alprostadil

51
Q

Side effects of Alprostadil

A 
Depression of ventilation
Bronchoconstriction
Flushing
Bradycardia
Hyperthermia
52
Q

Use to promote cervical ripening prior to labor induction

A

Dinoprostone (cervidil)

53
Q

Used to terminate pregnancy in weeks

A

12 through 28 weeks evacuate the uterus in cases of missed abortion, intrauterine fetal death

54
Q

Produces physiologic uterine contractions

A

Dinopros

55
Q

Warning for Dinoprost

A

Bronchospasm in asthmatics
Seizures
N/V

56
Q

Termination of pregnancy and treatment of refractory PP uterine bleeding

A

Carboprost

57
Q

Carboprost dose of

A

250cmg IM repeat at 1 1/2 to 3 1/2 interval

58
Q

Caution for carboprost

A

History of asthma , hypotension or HTN, renal or hepatic , DM , seizures

59
Q

Side effects of Carboprost

A

Vomiting, diarrhea, hyperthermia

60
Q

Used to prevent NSAID induces gastric ulcers

A

Misoprostol , cytotec

61
Q

Inhibits secretion of gastric acid by parietal cells

A

Misoprostol cytotec

62
Q

Misoprostol replaces the

A

Protective prostaglandins consumed by NSAIDs

63
Q

Side effects of Misoprostol

A

Diarrhea, abd pain

64
Q

Thomboxane on SVR

A

Increase

65
Q

Thomboxane on Airway Resistance

A

Increase

66
Q

Thomboxane on Platelet aggregation

A

Increase

67
Q

Prostacyclin and Epoprosterenol on SVR

A

Decrease

68
Q

Prostacyclin and Epoprosterenol on airway resistance

A

Increase

69
Q

Prostacyclin and Epoprosterenol on Platelet aggregation

A

Decrease

70
Q

Illoprost on airway resistance

A

Decrease

71
Q

The only prostacyclin reduces AIRWAY RESISTANCE

A

ILLOPROST

72
Q

Illoprost platelet aggregation

A

Decrease

73
Q

Increase Uterine Muscle tone

A

Alprostadil
Dinoprost
Dinoprostone

74
Q

Decrease platelet aggregation

A

Prostacyclin (epoprosterenol)
Illoprost
Alprostadil

75
Q

Dinoprost

A

Increase or decrease SVR

SRNAPharmacology II (32 decks)

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