Prospektivt minne

Question 1

Which 2 ways can retrieval on the prospective-memory task occur(according to dual-pathways model)? Samt hur relarar dessa till Nonfocal vs focal tasks

Answer 1

(1) spontaneous retrieval involves bottom-up processes triggered by the relevant stimulus and does not require prior monitoring;
(2) intentional retrieval is based more on top-down processes and requires prior monitoring.
- Nonfocal tasks involve intentional retrieval.
- Focal tasks generally involve spontaneous retrieval but can also involve intentional retrieval.

Question 2

Hur kan man förklara vf folk presterar sämre på en ongoing task om det är en nonfocal task

Answer 2

Nonfocal task -> More strategic monitoring which involves top-down attentional control processes to maintain the prospective-memory intention and to search for relevant cues on that task -> more processing resources required = worse performance on ongoing task

Question 3

According to the multiprocess framework, various attentional processes(including attentional ones) are often used when performing prospective memory tasks.

However, detection of cues are often “automatic”(not involving attentional processes) when 4 criteria are met, which ones?

Answer 3

1. The ongoing task is a focal task—one that “encourages processing of the target [on the prospective-memory task] and especially those features [of the target] that were processed at encoding”
2. The cue and the to-be-performed action are highly associated.
3. The cue is conspicuous or salient.
4. The intended action is simple

Question 4

2 typer av prospektivt minne

Answer 4

Event-based prospective memory: A form of prospective memory in which some event
provides the cue to perform a given action.

Time-based prospective memory: A form of prospective memory in which time is the cue
indicating that a given action should be performed

Question 5

Presterar folk oftast bättre på event-based tasks eller time-based ones? och vrf?

Answer 5

• Prospective memory is typically better with event-based tasks than with time-based ones -The main reason is that environmental cues to perform the appropriate action are more likely to be present on event-based tasks. In contrast, time-based tasks often require extensive self-initiated processing. As a result, event-based tasks are typically less demanding than time-based ones.?

Question 6

it is assumed within the dynamic multi-process framework that use of top-down monitoring or bottom-up spontaneous retrieval is not an either-or matter. Instead, these processes interact dynamically with each other. BUT some things influence which process is used. which things?

Answer 6

1. Less likely to use monitoring when ongoing task is perceived as important(bc uses cognitive processing power)
2. Monitoring typically used when prospective memory cues are expected(ex när du e nära en vinaffär om du ska köpa vin)
3. The use of monitoring depends on metamemory. For example, if you believe the prospective memory task will be easy because of the presence of strong retrieval cues, you would probably rely on spontaneous retrieval. In contrast, if you believe the prospective memory task will be hard because retrieval cues will be weak or absent, you would probably rely on extensive monitoring. (denna e viktigast!!! Det e d som skiljer den från multi-process framework. Att strategierna e “flexibly influenced by metamemory processes)