Ögonvittne

Question 1

Inattentional blindness:

Answer 1

The failure to perceive the appearance of an unexpected object in the visual environment

Question 2

Change blindness

Answer 2

is a phenomenon related to inattentional blindness that also depends on attentional limitations. It involves a failure to detect changes in an object

Question 3

Inattentional blindness blindness

Answer 3

Individuals’ exaggerated belief that they can detect visual
changes and so avoid change blindness.

Question 4

post-identification feedback effect

Answer 4

folk blir mer säkra att dom pekat ut rätt person än dom va från början pga positiv feedback från polis osv

Question 5

Vad e Misinformation effect och vilka detaljer e den starkast för

Answer 5

The distorting effect on eyewitness memory of misleading information presented after a crime or other event

misinformation effect is much greater for relatively unmemorable than memorable detail

Question 6

Hur kan proactive interference påverka eye witness testimony

Answer 6

Tidigare experiences som e thematically similar(du vet den där studien med palace burglary blabla) kan leda till errors of recollection

Question 7

Theoretical accounts of misinformation(2 stycken)

Answer 7

• Source misattribution
• Explanatory role hypothesis: Misinformation effect stronger when the (post-event) misleading information has more explanatory strength(when it provides causal explanation for an observed outcome)

Question 8

four-component model to explain age-related differences in long-term memory

Answer 8

1. Older adults have reduced ability to sustain attention during learning/event
2. Less able to retrieve relevant contextual information to facilitate recall
3. Find it harder to monitor their retrievals and reject incorrect items
4. Retrieval process is less precise and more likely to produce “noise”

Question 9

Own-age bias

Answer 9

The tendency for eyewitnesses to identify individuals of the same age as
themselves more accurately than those much older or younger

Question 10

Unconscious transference

Answer 10

The tendency of eyewitnesses to misidentify a familiar (but innocent) face as belonging to the culprit.

Question 11

Verbal overshadowing effect

Answer 11

The reduction in recognition memory for faces that often occurs when eyewitnesses provide verbal descriptions of those faces before the recognition-memory test.

Question 12

Dud effect

Answer 12

An eyewitness’s increased confidence in his/her mistakes when the lineup includes individuals very dissimilar to the culprit

Question 13

cognitive interview principles

Answer 13

1 Mental reinstatement of the environment and any personal contact experienced during the crime.
2 Encouraging the reporting of every detail regardless of how peripheral it might seem to the main incident or crime.
3 Describing the incident in several different orders.
4 Reporting the incident from different viewpoints including those of other participants or witnesses.