properties of water & pH Flashcards
unequal distribution of electrical charge
polarity
_____ is a polar compound.
water
polarity of water allows water to act as a ______.
universal solvent
weak attractions between a negative and positive pole of H20 molecules
Hydrogen Bonding (H-Bond)
ATTRACTIVE force that HOLDS molecules of a single substance together
(water molecules bond with one another)
cohesion
attractive force between two particles of different substances
(water molecules stuck to other surfaces)
adhesion
makes surface of water somewhat hard
surface tension
ability to move upward through narrow tubes against the force of gravity
capillarity
“water loving” compounds - charged molecules like ionic and polar compounds
hydrophilic
“Water Hating” compounds - uncharged molecules such as non-polar molecules
hydrophobic
2 or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined
mixture
one or more substances that are evenly distributed in another substance
solution
all solutions contain a _____ and ______.
solute; solvent
substance being dissolved
solute
substance in which the solute dissolved
solvent
particles spread through a liquid or had but settle out over time
suspension
mixtures with properties between those of a solution and a suspension
colloid
pH stands for _______ ________.
potential hydrogen
Range from 0-14:
0-6 = _____.
7 = _____.
8-14 = _____.
acid; neutral; base
compound that releases hydrogen ions (or hydronium ions) when dissolved in water
acid
Characteristics of Acids
• Taste sour
• Corrosive
• Contains hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
• pH less than 7
compound that releases hydroxide ions when dissolved in water
base
Characteristics of Bases
• Taste bitter
• Slippery
• Contains hydroxide ions when dissolved in water
• pH greater than 7
• Chemicals that help to neutralize pH
• Regulate by soaking up or releasing hydro ions from a solution
Buffers
Why is it important for cells and organisms to buffer solutions against rapid changes in pH?
To maintain Homeostasis
• Allows for the regulation of Earth’s temperature
• Allows organisms to regulate body temperature
Temperature Moderation