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biology > photosynthesis and respiration > Flashcards

photosynthesis and respiration Flashcards

1
Q

(producers) living things that make their own food by building organic molecules from inorganic substances

A

Autotrophs

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2
Q

Examples of Autotrophs

A

Plants, Algae, Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)

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3
Q

(consumers) living things that take in food from other sources

A

Heterotrophs

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4
Q

Examples of Heterotrophs

A

Animals, Fungi

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5
Q

process that converts the radiant energy of sunlight into chemical energy (glucose)

A

photosynthesis

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6
Q

process that releases chemical energy for uses by the cell

A

respiration

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7
Q

adenosine triphosphate
- compound that stores energy in cells
- consists of adenine, ribose (5 carbon sugar) and 3 phosphate groups

A

ATP

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8
Q

transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to another molecule

A

phosphorylation

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9
Q

green pigment that captures light energy

A

chlorophyll

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10
Q

Photosynthesis takes place in the _______.

A

chloroplast

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11
Q

main products of photosynthesis

A

carbohydrates

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12
Q

released from splitting a molecule of water in the beginning of the photosynthesis process

A

oxygen

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13
Q

CO2 is obtained from the ______ and enters through ______.

A

air; stomata

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14
Q

openings on the underside of the leaf

A

stomata (mouths)

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15
Q

Two guard cells control the opening and closing of the ________ based on ________ ________ in them.

A

stomata; osmotic pressure

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16
Q

Water is taken from the ground by the roots (osmosis) and moves to the leaves by ________ ________.

A

capillary action

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17
Q

creates the necessary difference in pressure for capillary action to work

A

transpiration

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18
Q

plant vascular tissue that transports water (H2O) & dissolved minerals/nutrients UPWARD from roots to leaves. Moves in ONE direction only.

A

Xylem

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19
Q

plant vascular tissue that carries food (proteins, sugars, etc) & water DOWNWARD from leaves to roots. Moves in TWO-WAY direction.

A

Phloem

20
Q

Reactions of Photosynthesis

A

Light Reactions & Dark Reactions

21
Q

Light (dependent) reactions depend directly on ________.

A

light

22
Q

Calvin cycle (aka light-independent)

A

Dark Reactions

23
Q

Dark reactions use ________ from the atmosphere to combine with Hydrogen from light reactions.

A

CO2

24
Q

Dark reactions produce ________.

A

glucose (C6H12O6)

25
Q

Dark reactions happen in?

A

the stroma of the chloroplast

26
Q

Photosynthesis is a Biochemical Pathway.

A

Photosynthesis is a Biochemical Pathway.

27
Q

Autotrophs produce organic compounds and oxygen through ________ and both autotrophs and heterotrophs produce ________ and ________ through ________ ________.

A

photosynthesis; CO2; H2O; cellular respiration

28
Q

chloroplast

A

organelle

29
Q

disk-shaped interconnected sacs (light reactions)

A

thylakoids

30
Q

piled stacks of thylakoids

A

grana

31
Q

fluid that fills the inside of the chloroplast (dark reactions)

A

stroma

32
Q

Light is a form of ________ energy.

A

electromagnetic

33
Q

Sunlight is a collection of ________ with ________ from 400 to 750nm.

A

waves; wavelengths

34
Q

When meeting a material, light waves can be:

A

1) Be absorbed
2) Be relfected
3) Be transmitted

35
Q

pigments found in thylakoids

A

chlorophylls

36
Q

accessory pigment (yellow, orange, brown)

A

carotenoids

37
Q

breakdown of glucose to produce energy (ATP)

A

Cellular Respiration

38
Q

Where does ATP come from?

A

Cellular Respiration

39
Q

Two types of Respiration

A

Aerobic & Anaerobic

40
Q

Respiration that REQUIRES oxygen

A

aerobic

41
Q

Respiration that does NOT require oxygen

A

anaerobic

42
Q

first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration
- breakdown of glucose
- doesn’t require oxygen
- occurs in the cytoplasm

A

Glycolysis

43
Q

OXYGEN combines with hydrogen forming water (reverse of what happens in photosynthesis)
- takes place in the mitochondria

A

aerobic respiration

44
Q

pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid
- occurs in bacteria and animal cells when oxygen is low
- makes muscles feel sore and tired

A

Lactic Acid Fermentation

45
Q

pyruvic acid is converted to ethyl alcohol and CO2
- occurs in yeast
- Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled fungi

A

Alcoholic Fermentation

46
Q

Two types of Fermentation

A

Lactic Acid & Alcoholic

47
Q
A

biology (8 decks)

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