basic chemistry Flashcards
anything that has mass and occupies space
matter
smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of the element
atom
found in the center of atom
nucleus
the nucleus contains
protons (+ charge) and neutrons (no charge)
protons and neutrons are located in the _______ and the electrons are located in the _______.
nucleus; energy shell
electrons (- charge) spin _______ the _______ and are found in the ________ ________.
around; nucleus; electron cloud
electrons are arranged in ….
shells in the electron cloud.
substance that can’t be broken down chemically to form simpler kinds of matter
element
what is the number on the top right corner of an element box mean?
atomic number
what does the numbers on the bottom of an element box mean?
atomic mass
number of protons in an atom of an element
atomic number
number of protons and neutrons added together
atomic mass
To find the number of neutrons, you must:
subtract atomic number from atomic mass
atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
isotope
when atoms of two or more elements combine in fixed proportions
compounds
the way a chemical substance looks and behaves
properties
a substance made of two or more atoms
molecules
usually do not contain carbon; generally come from Earth; generally simple molecules
inorganic compounds
always contain C & H and usually O, N, sometimes S & P; originate in organisms; generally complex molecules
organic compounds
an atom or group of atoms that have lost or gained one or more electrons
ion
ions with opposite charges (- or +) are attracted to each other and form ___________.
an ionic bond
in _______ reactions, atoms share electrons, resulting in __________ bonds.
covalent
special type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules, not a covalent bond to a hydrogen atom
hydrogen bonding
