carbohydrates Flashcards
what elements does carbon bond with to make up life’s molecules?
SPONCH
How do Monomers relate to polymers?
Monomers are the basic building blocks of polymers.
What are the three main types of polysaccharides?
Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen
Why is glucose so vital for life?
It supplies energy for all of our cell’s metabolic activities.
compounds that DON’T contain carbon
(derived from nonliving things)
Inorganic Compounds
compounds that contain carbon
(derived from living things)
Organic Compounds
What elements does Carbon bond with to make up life’s molecules?
SPONCH (Sulfur, Phosphorus, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, and Hydrogen)
subunit that serves as the building blocks of a polymer
Monomer
large molecules consisting of many identical or similar monomers linked together
polymer
monomer + monomer + monomer =
🟢 + 🟢 + 🟢 =
monomer-monomer-monomer
🟢-🟢-🟢
^^^ POLYMER
ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen
1:2:1
— organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
— contain energy for living things
carbohydrates
types of carbohydrates
— monosaccharide
— disaccharide
— polysaccharide
— simple carbohydrate
— formula : C6H12O6
Monosaccharide
examples of monosaccharides
— glucose
— galactose
— fructose
supplies energy for the cells metabolic activities.
examples of other monosaccharides
— deoxyribose and ribose
— pentose sugars
— 5 carbons
— used in nucleic acid synthesis
________ chemical formula: C5H10O4
“Deoxy” ribose
________ chemical formula: C5H10O5
ribose
types of sugars:
— glucose
— fructose
— galactose
— blood sugar
— fruit sugar
— milk sugar
forms when 2 monosaccharides combine
disaccharide
Deoxyribose “sugar” is found in _______ and Ribose is found in _______.
DNA; RNA
examples of disaccharides
— sucrose
— maltose
— lactose
Where does the water molecule come from when a disaccharide forms?
Dehydration Synthesis (condensation reaction), a chemical reaction that brings together molecules by removing water molecules.
A chemical reaction that builds up molecules by losing water molecules
Dehydration Synthesis
A covalent bond between two Monosaccharides
Glycosidic Bond
When does the covalent bond between two Monosaccharides break?
Digestion, bones must break in order for our bodies to absorb monomers (glucose).
How do the covalent bonds between two Monosaccharides break?
Hydro: Add Water
Lysis: Break
The Opposite of Dehydration Synthesis
Hydrolysis, a chemical reaction that breaks up molecules by adding water molecules.
forms when many monosaccharides combine
polysaccharide
Are there indigestible carbohydrates?
Yes, cellulose is a complex carbohydrate found in plants (cell walls)
EX: Bran, spinach, broccoli
Why would we eat something we can’t digest?
It aids in waste elimination.
polysaccharide that is the main storage form of glucose in the body of animals and fungi
glycogen
Where is glycogen stored?
Muscle and Liver cells.
— Polysaccharides formed by glycosidic bonds
— Energy storage form in plants
— rice, cereal, potatoes, etc.
Starches
polysaccharide that is found in the cell walls of fungi and in the exoskeletons of arthropods like insects, lobster, shrimp, and crabs
chitin
