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biology > carbohydrates > Flashcards

carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

what elements does carbon bond with to make up life’s molecules?

A

SPONCH

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2
Q

How do Monomers relate to polymers?

A

Monomers are the basic building blocks of polymers.

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3
Q

What are the three main types of polysaccharides?

A

Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen

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4
Q

Why is glucose so vital for life?

A

It supplies energy for all of our cell’s metabolic activities.

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5
Q

compounds that DON’T contain carbon
(derived from nonliving things)

A

Inorganic Compounds

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6
Q

compounds that contain carbon
(derived from living things)

A

Organic Compounds

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7
Q

What elements does Carbon bond with to make up life’s molecules?

A

SPONCH (Sulfur, Phosphorus, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, and Hydrogen)

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8
Q

subunit that serves as the building blocks of a polymer

A

Monomer

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9
Q

large molecules consisting of many identical or similar monomers linked together

A

polymer

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10
Q

monomer + monomer + monomer =
🟢 + 🟢 + 🟢 =

A

monomer-monomer-monomer
🟢-🟢-🟢

^^^ POLYMER

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11
Q

ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen

A

1:2:1

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12
Q

— organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

— contain energy for living things

A

carbohydrates

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13
Q

types of carbohydrates

A

— monosaccharide
— disaccharide
— polysaccharide

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14
Q

— simple carbohydrate
— formula : C6H12O6

A

Monosaccharide

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15
Q

examples of monosaccharides

A

— glucose
— galactose
— fructose

supplies energy for the cells metabolic activities.

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16
Q

examples of other monosaccharides

A

— deoxyribose and ribose
— pentose sugars
— 5 carbons
— used in nucleic acid synthesis

17
Q

________ chemical formula: C5H10O4

A

“Deoxy” ribose

18
Q

________ chemical formula: C5H10O5

A

ribose

18
Q

types of sugars:

— glucose
— fructose
— galactose

A

— blood sugar
— fruit sugar
— milk sugar

19
Q

forms when 2 monosaccharides combine

A

disaccharide

19
Q

Deoxyribose “sugar” is found in _______ and Ribose is found in _______.

A

DNA; RNA

19
Q

examples of disaccharides

A

— sucrose
— maltose
— lactose

19
Q

Where does the water molecule come from when a disaccharide forms?

A

Dehydration Synthesis (condensation reaction), a chemical reaction that brings together molecules by removing water molecules.

20
Q

A chemical reaction that builds up molecules by losing water molecules

A

Dehydration Synthesis

21
Q

A covalent bond between two Monosaccharides

A

Glycosidic Bond

21
Q

When does the covalent bond between two Monosaccharides break?

A

Digestion, bones must break in order for our bodies to absorb monomers (glucose).

22
Q

How do the covalent bonds between two Monosaccharides break?

A

Hydro: Add Water
Lysis: Break

The Opposite of Dehydration Synthesis

Hydrolysis, a chemical reaction that breaks up molecules by adding water molecules.

23
Q

forms when many monosaccharides combine

A

polysaccharide

24
Q

Are there indigestible carbohydrates?

A

Yes, cellulose is a complex carbohydrate found in plants (cell walls)

EX: Bran, spinach, broccoli

25
Q

Why would we eat something we can’t digest?

A

It aids in waste elimination.

26
Q

polysaccharide that is the main storage form of glucose in the body of animals and fungi

A

glycogen

27
Q

Where is glycogen stored?

A

Muscle and Liver cells.

28
Q

— Polysaccharides formed by glycosidic bonds
— Energy storage form in plants
— rice, cereal, potatoes, etc.

A

Starches

29
Q

polysaccharide that is found in the cell walls of fungi and in the exoskeletons of arthropods like insects, lobster, shrimp, and crabs

A

chitin

biology (8 decks)

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