macromolecules Flashcards
subunits called amino acids; used to build cells; do much of the work inside organisms; act as enzymes helping to control metabolic reactions in organisms
proteins
amino acids contain two functional groups:
the carboxyl group (-COOH) and the amino group (-NH2)
protein molecules that act as biological catalysts
enzymes
Cells contain thousands of different ________ to control the functions of the cell.
enzymes
Enzymes must physically fit a __________ ___________ to work properly.
specific substrate
the place where a substrate fits an enzyme to be catalyzed
active site
What changed the shape of enzymes and their active sites until the enzyme is unable to work?
Excess heat, a change in pH from neutral, etc.
Some enzymes have a second site, where:
a coenzyme attaches to help make the substrate better fit the active site of the enzyme
What subunits make up proteins?
amino acids
Proteins also act as _________ in cells to control reactions.
enzymes
Name the 2 functional groups in amino acids.
Amino & Carboxyl
Cells have ______ of enzymes to act as biological _________.
1,000 ‘s; catalysts
Enzymes have an attachment site called the _________ site for the _________ to join.
active; substrate
What is the effect of excess heat or temperature on an enzyme?
Active site + Shape Change may not work
large, nonpolar (won’t dissolve in water) molecules
lipids
