properties of alkanes

Question 1

what are alkanes

Answer 1

main components of natural gas and crude oil
CnH2n+2

Question 2

alkane bonding

Answer 2

alkanes are saturated containing only carbon single bonds TO CARBION AND HYDROGEN

Question 3

what is a sigma bond

Answer 3

the result of 2 overlapping orbitals

Question 4

alkane shape

Answer 4

each carbon atom has 4 bonding regions and therefore occupies a tetrahedral shape with bond angles of 109.5

Question 5

variation of boiling points in alkanes

Answer 5

longer chains have higher boiling points as there are more points of contact for London forces to act. Meaning that more energy is required to break molecule apart and Boil

Question 6

How does branching of alkanes effect their boiling point

Answer 6

Branching decreases surface points of contact for London forces. This means that less energy is required to overcome them and boil

Question 7

What are the 2 types of bond fission

Answer 7

hetro (bond breaks unevenly one gets both)
homo (both get 1)

Question 8

halogen’s and alkanes reactions

Answer 8

free radical substitution

Question 9

What conditions are required for free radical substitution

Answer 9

UV light

Question 10

explain free radical substitution of ch4 and cl2

Answer 10

Initiation —- Cl2 → 2Cl.

Propogation —– Cl. + CH4 → CH3. + HCl
CH3. + Cl2 → CH3Cl + Cl.

Terminatio. —– Cl. + Cl. → Cl2
—– Cl. + CH3. → CH3Cl
—— CH3. + CH3. → C2H6

Question 11

What is the problem with free radical substitution

Answer 11

You dont only get the desired products, all radicals can react with all reactants and products forming a plethora of compounds

Question 12

What is a free radical

Answer 12

Particles with unpaired e-