Proper Nouns and Latin Names Flashcards
Dysfunctional Auerbach��_s plexus, ��_bird beak,��_ may be assoc. with Chagas disease (T. cruzi infection)
Achalasia
Great anterior segmental medullary artery; L-sided in 65% of people; reinforces blood flow to 2/3 of anterior spinal cord
Artery of Adamkiewicz
Primary adrenal insufficiency
Addison disease
Arteriohepatic dysplasia; PS, butterfly vertebrae, long nose, 20p12-
Alagille syndrome
Osteopetrosis
Albers-Schonberg disease
Transmits pudendal nerve and internal pudendal a.
Alcock��_s canal
Childhood leukodystrophy; macrocephaly, seizures, spasticity; GFAP mutation
Alexander disease
Amniotic rupture with secondary entanglement and tearing/amputation of developed parts (usually digits)
Amniotic band disruption sequence
Collagen IV mutation; Basement membrane splitting; nephritic syndrome; lens defects, deafness
Alport syndrome
��_Happy puppet��_ inappropriate laughter; mental retardation, seizures, ataxia, 15q11-13 (maternal)
Angelman��_s syndrome
Activated histiocytes; pathognomonic of RHD
Anitschkow��_s cells
Restless legs syndrome
Anxietas tibiarum
Turribrachycephaly, syndactyly, ankyloses, progressive synostoses, mental retardation; FGFR-2 gene; paternal
Apert syndrome
��_Prostitute��_s pupil��_, accommodates but does not react; seen in neurosyphilis
Argyll-Robertson Pupil
Tubular deposition of glycogen, seen in DM
Armanni-Ebstein lesion
Small posterior fossa; downward displacement of cerebellum
Arnold-Chiari Malformation
Chiari I: low-lying cerebellum; tonsils descend through foramen magnum; medullary compression, asymptomatic
Chiari I
Chiari II: vermis and medulla descend through foramen; fatal
Chiari II
Granuloma with giant cells; classic finding in RHD
Aschoff bodies
Intrauterine adhesions, assoc with D and C; amenorrhea
Asherman��_s syndrome
Primitive neuroectodermal tumor, related to Ewing��_s, small cell thoracopulmonary tumor
Askin��_s tumor
Peroxidase (+) granulocyte/myeloblast inclusions; M3 leukemia; may cause DIC
Auer rods
Projection of SA node to L atrium
Bachmann Bundle
Atrial stretch ﾕ__ increased heart rate
Bainbridge Reflex
Infantile scurvy
Barlow��_s disease
Mitral valve prolapse
Barlow��_s syndrome
Squamous metaplasia at least 3cm into esophagus; assoc with adenoCA
Barrett��_s Esophagus
Greater vestibular glands, homologous to Cowper��_s
Bartholin��_s glands
TAL ion transporter mutation; mimics loop diuretics, Salt wasting, hypercalciuria, hypoMg, hyperrenninemia, ��_PGE2
Bartter��_s syndrome
Abetalipoproteinemia
Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome
aka Spielmeyer-Vogt-Sjogren-Batten disease, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis; childhood neurodegenerative disorder
Batten disease
Less severe muscular dystrophy than Duchenne��_s
Becker��_s muscular dystrophy
Hemihypertrophy, macroglossia, organomegaly, neonatal hypoglycemia, embryonal tumors, Wilms tumor, omphalocoele
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
First strained food given to infant
Beikost
Openings of pyramids to minor calyces (through area cribosa)
Papillary ducts of Bellini
Fat embolization; neurodysfunction, respiratory insufficiency, petechiae
Bergman��_s triad
Defect of platelet adhesion (ﾕ__ GP Ib)
Bernard-Soulier disease
Superior suspensory ligament of thyroid
Ligament of Berry
Projections of renal cortex between medullary pyramids
Columns of Bertin
IV local anesthetic for upper/lower ex anesthesia
Bier block
Irregularly irregular breathing with abrupt starts/stops, in dorsomedial medullary lesions
Biot��_s breathing
Pearly, triangular, conjunctival spots; in Vitamin A deficiency
Bitot spots
Full-thickness esophageal tears
Boerhaave syndrome
Benign ovarian tumor; resembles bladder tissue
Brenner tumor
Allergy to A. fumigatus
Brewer��_s lung
Avascular segment between anterior and posterior kidney; used for longitudinal sections when removing staghorn calculi
Brodel��_s white line
Diminished INa current in RV epicardium; ST elevation V1-V3, ventricular arrhythmia, sudden cardiac death in young asian males
Brugada Syndrome
Submucosal duodenal glands
Brunner��_s glands
White spots on periphery of iris; seen in Down syndrome
Brushfield spots
X-linked agammaglobulinemia; reduced all five Igs; recurrent infections after 6 mos of life
Bruton��_s disease
Portal hypertension 2��_ to hepatic vein occlusion
Budd-Chiari disease
EBV; ��_Starry-sky��_ appearance
Burkitt��_s lymphoma
Diver��_s disease; Nitrogen embolism
Caisson��_s disease
Granulosa Cell Tumor
Call-Exner bodies
Demyelinating disease of infancy; metachromatic leukodystrophy, arylsulfatase A deficiency, AR
Canavan disease
Divides liver into R and L lobes (drawn between gallbladder, just left of IVC)
Cantle��_s line
Cystic duct, common hepatic duct, liver margin
Calot��_s triangle
RA and Coal worker pneuomoconiosis
Caplan syndrome
TR murmur increased with inspiration, decreased by Valsalva
Carvallo��_s sign
Benign lymph node tumors; hyperproliferation of B cells, sometimes assoc with HHV-8
Castleman��_s disease
Biopsy of aortopulmonary window nodes
Chamberlain procedure, modified
Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech
Charcot triad
Jaundice, fever, RUQ pain
Charcot triad of cholangitis
Seen in intraparenchymal hemorrhage
Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms
Eosinophilic debris, seen in bronchial asthma
Charcot-Leyden crystals
Peroneal muscle atrophy, stork-like appearance, pes cavus, foot drop, claw hand
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
A=T and G=C (in DNA/RNA)
Charkof��_s Rule
Defective microtubular function; partial albinism, peripheral neuropathy, recurrent infections
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Regularly irregular breathing with cyclic apnea, in bilateral hemispheric/diencephalon dysfunction
Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joint; where eversion and inversion occur
Chopart��_s joint
Factor IX deficiency
Christmas disease
Forearm AVF; uses native blood vessels (radial artery, cephalic vein) (contrast with Scribner shunt)
Cimino-Brescia fistula
Flushing, dizziness, tinnitus, BOV, impaired hearing, nausea, diarrhea
Cinchonism
Deep inguinal node
Cloquet��_s node
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Conn syndrome
Mycobacterium infection; responsible for weight loss (releases cachectin and TNF-alpha)
Cord factor
Uteroplacental apoplexy; bleeding from abruptio into myometrium into peritoneum
Couvelaire uterus
Associated with herpetic infections
Cowdry Type A inclusion bodies
Yellow fever; viral hepatitis
Councilman bodies
Palpable nontender gallbladder (pancreatic head CA)
Courvoisier sign
Calcinosis, Raynaud phenomenon, Esophageal dysfunction, Sclerodactyly, Telangiectasia; ANA with anticentromere activity
CREST syndrome
Subacute Spongiform Encephalopathy; prion disease; 2 variants: Brownell-Oppenheimer (cerebellar ataxia) and Heidenhain (visual disturbances)
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Microcephaly, severe mental retardation, cat-like cry, hypertelorism
Cri-du-chat syndrome (5p deletion)
Regional enteritis; cobblestoned mucosa with skip lesions; segmental narrowing, �_�string sign�_�
Crohn disease
GI polyposis, alopecia, hyperpigmentation, nail atrophy
Cronkite-Canada syndrome
Premature craniosynostosis, midface hypoplasia, shallow orbits, proptosis
Crouzon Syndrome
Periumbilical ecchymoses (acute pancreatitis)
Cullen sign
Congenital sacral deformity, presacral mass, anal malformation
Currarino triad
Pathologic finding in asthma; from shed epithelium
Curschmann spirals
Gastric ulcer associated with burns
Curling ulcer
Cushing��_s syndrome caused by 1��_ pituitary adenoma
Cushing��_s disease
��_Cortisol (any etiology), HTN, trunal obesity, moon facies, buffalo hump, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, amenorrhea, ��_libido, immunocompromise
Cushing��_s syndrome
Hypertension, bradycardia, respiratory depression
Cushing��_s triad
Gastric ulcer associated with brain injury
Cushing��_s ulcer
Empty RLQ in intussusception
Dance��_s sign
Large posterior fossa; absent cerebellum
Dandy-Walker malformation
Morning hyperglycemia not associated with nocturnal hypoglycemia
Dawn phenomenon
Idiopathic EPB and APL inflammation; more common in women
De Quervain��_s tenosynovitis
Subacute/granulomatous/giant cell thyroiditis, may be 2��_ to viral infxn, granulomatous inflammation
De Quervain��_s thyroiditis
Origin of lateral vestibulospinal tract
Deiter��_s nucleus
Rectoprostatic fascia
Denonvilliers��_ fascia
Wilms tumor, intersexual disorders, nephropathy [WT-1 gene abnormalities]
Denys-Drash syndrome
Congenital pure red cell aplasia; �_�HbF, �_�RBC ADA, �__ retic, triphalangeal thumbs
Diamond-Blackfan syndrome
Scarlet fever
Dick test
CATCH-22 syndrome
DiGeorge syndrome
Perisinusoidal space
Disse��_s space
IgG antibodies in hemolytic anemia
Donath-Landsteiner antibodies
Occurs when membrane is permeable to several (but not all) ions; not an osmotic equilibrium
Donnan equilibirium
Autoimmune post-MI fibrinous pericarditis (weeks post-MI)
Dressler��_s syndrome
Black liver; conjugated hyperbilirubinemia; benign
Dubin-Johnson syndrome
Deleted dystrophin gene; proximal limb weakness muscle breakdown; pseudohypertrophy of calves
Duchenne��_s muscular dystrophy
Progressive shortening, thickening, and fibrosis of palmar fascia and aponeurosis (MCP and PIP flexion of 4th and 5th digits).
Dupuytren��_s contracture
Seen in cerebral malaria; with ring hemorrhages
Durck��_s granuloma
Elongation of styloid process/calcification of stylohyoid; neck/face pain, dysphagia; CN IX compression
Eagle��_s syndrome
Prune-belly syndrome
Eagle-Barrett Syndrome
Tricuspid displacement into RV; assoc with WPW
Ebstein��_s anomaly
Micrognathia, rocker-bottom feet, congenital heart disease (trisomy 18)
Edward syndrome
��_Waiter��_s tip��_ deformity, C5-C6 palsy, may involve diaphragm (via phrenic nerve)
Erb-Duchenne Palsy
IVC valve at RA
Eustachian valve
Early-onset calcification of basal ganglia and cerebellum
Fahr syndrome
Aplastic anemia, short stature, �_�risk of CA; AR
Fanconi anemia
Proximal tubule dysfunction; (+) urine glucose, amino acids, phosphates
Fanconi syndrome
RA, splenomegaly, neutropenia
Felty��_s syndrome
Asbestos bodies; dumbbell-shaped
Ferruginous bodies
Perihepatic gonorrheal infection; �_�violin-string�_� adhesions
Fitz-Hugh-Curtiss syndrome
Bilateral renal hypoplasia, displacement of nipples to MCL, polymastia
Fleischer syndrome
Retinoblastoma
Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes
Frontal lobe tumor; inappropriate behavior, ipsilateral optic nerve atrophy, contralateral papilledema, anosmia
Foster-Kennedy syndrome
Necrotizing soft tissue perineal/scrotal infection, assoc with DM
Fournier��_s gangrene
Flushing and sweating in reaction to taste of food; follows auriculotemporal nerve injury
Frey��_s syndrome
Ataxia before 10yrs, explosive speech, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Friedrich ataxia
S: Internal oblique and transversus abd, M: Rectus muscle and sheath, L: Iliopsoas, I: Pecten pubis, lined by transversalis fascia; anatomic etiol. of hernia
Fruchaud��_s (myopectineal) orifice
Fx of distal 3rd of radius, dislocation of radioulnar joint
Galeazzi fracture
Deep perineal/investing fascia
Gallaudet��_s fascia
Murmur of AS reflected to mitral area (sounds like MR)
Gallavardin��_s phenomenon
Adenomatous polyps + osteomas
Gardner syndrome
Autoerythrocyte sensitivity, large ecchymoses on erythema
Gardner-Diamond syndrome
Iliotibial tract attachment
Gerdy��_s tubercle
Prion disease; familial; cerebellar ataxia, dysarthria, corticospinal tract signs, nystagmus. AD, late-onset
Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease
Na-Cl cotransporter mutation; similar to Bartter��_s but milder; resembles thiazide diuretic effect
Gitelman��_s syndrome
Defect of platelet aggregation (��_GP IIb-IIIa)
Glanzmann��_s thrombasthenia
Branchial cleft anomalies, biliary atresia, CHD
Goldenhar��_s complex
ptch mutation; basal cell nevus syndrome; basal cell CA, medulloblastoma, jaw cysts
Gorlin��_s syndrome
Use of upper limbs to stand; seen in Duchenne��_s muscular dystrophy
Gower��_s maneuver
Cause of recurrent ulceration post-vagotomy; from posterior vagus
[Criminal nerve of] Grassi
Myxedema
Gull disease
Compression of ulnar nerve at the wrist (between pisiform and hook of hamate); hypoesthesia of 4th and 5th digits; intrinsic hand muscle weakness
Guyon��_s canal syndrome
Pigmentary degeneration of globus pallidus, substantia nigra, red nucleus, corticospinal and EP signs, �_�eye of the tiger�_� sign
Hallervorden-Spatz Disease
Mediastinal �_�crunch�_� assoc with emphysema
Hamman sign
Peripheral triangle near pleural edges, in PE
Hampton��_s hump
Chronic progressive histiocytosis; skull lesions, DI, exophthalmos
Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
Infundibulum of gallbladder; common site for gallstone impaction
Hartmann��_s pouch
Impaired tryptophan absorption
Hartnup disease
Thymic medullary bodies
Hassal��_s bodies
Painless DIP nodules in osteoarthritis
Heberden��_s nodules
G6PD Deficiency
Heinz bodies
Cystic duct valve (maintains patency)
Valve of Heisler
Childhood disintegrative disorder
Heller dementia
Area at cardia where middle circular and innermost oblique gastric muscular fibers blend
Collar of Helvetius
Small-vessel vasculitis due to IgA-dominant immune-complex deposition; affects skin, joints, GI
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Periportal bile ductule
Canal of Hering
Carotid sinus nerve (CN IX); baroreceptor
Hering��_s nerve
Intrinsic platelet defect and partial albinism
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome
Secretory granules in posterior pituitary
Herring bodies
Inferior epigastric artery, Lateral border of rectus abdominis, Inguinal ligament
Hesselbach��_s triangle
Medial striate artery (from ACA; A2 segment)
Recurrent artery of Heubner
Spontaneous breakdown of atracurium, forms laudanosine (epileptogenic)
Hoffman elimination
Thumb anomalies, ASD (secundum) or VSD, phocomelia; T-box (TBX5) mutation
Holt-Oram syndrome
Calf pain with foot dorsiflexion, in DVT
Homan��_s sign
Neuroblastoma
Homer-Wright pseudorosettes
Temporal arteritis
Horton��_s disease
Nuclear remnants (Splenectomy)
Howell-Jolly bodies
Interstitial chronic cystitis, transmural fibrosis, ulceration
Hunner ulcer
Adductor canal
Hunter��_s canal
_-L-iduronidase deficiency, similar to Hurler��_s but no corneal clouding
Hunter��_s disease
Avulsion of ischial tuberosity at the attachment of biceps femoris and semitendinosus
Hurdler��_s injury
_-L-iduronidase deficiency; heparan and dermatan sulfate accumulation; gargoyle facies; corneal clouding, stubby fingers, death by 10 years
Hurler syndrome
Prolonged QT, hearing loss
Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome
IFN-_ deficiency; coarse Facies, cold Abscess, retained primary Teeth, ��_IgE, Dermatoses (FATED)
Job��_s syndrome
Congenital anosmia, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism; X-linked
Kallman syndrome
Flexion, swelling, pain on passive extension, tenderness over tendon sheath
Kanavel��_s four signs of tenosynovitis
Dynein dysfunction; bronchiectasis, sinusitis, situs inversus
Kartagener syndrome
Hemangioma and thrombocytopenia and fibrinogenopenia
Kasabach-Merritt syndrome
Mitochondrial DNA disorder; progressive ophthalmoplegia, pigmentary retinopathy, 3rd-deg AV block, ataxia, myopathy, �_�CSF protein
Kearns-Sayre syndrome
Circular intestinal folds
Valves of Kerckring
Congestive cardiomyopathy 2��_ to selenium deficiency
Keshan disease
Intercapillary glomerulosclerosis seen in DM nephropathy
Kimmelstein-Wilson lesions
�_�Cloverleaf�_� skull secondary to premature closure of all sutures
Kleeblattsch_del
Episodic somnolence (>18h/day), overeating, cognitive disturbances; possibly hypothalamic in origin
Kleine-Levin syndrome
Atrophic testes, tall stature, gynecomastia
Klinefelter syndrome (XXY, XXXY)
Congenital cervical vertebral fusion; short, immobile neck
Klippel-Feil syndrome
Thoracic outlet syndrome (C8-T1)
Klumpke��_s palsy
Amygdala lesion; hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperphagia, hyperdocility
Kl��_ver-Bucy syndrome
Psoriatic lesion eruption at sites of trauma
K_bner phenomenon
Avascular necrosis of navicular bone
K_hler bone disease
Memory impairment and confabulation
Korsakoff��_s syndrome
Congenital neutropenia
Kostmann syndrome
Urea cycle/ornithine cycle
Krebs-Henseleit cycle
Gastric CA metastatic to ovaries
Krukenberg tumor
Liver macrophages
Kupffer cells
Acidotic breathing, deep, rapid breaths
Kussmaul��_s breathing
Pulsus paradoxus
Kussmaul��_s pulse
Distension of neck veins with inspiration (cardiac tamponade)
Kussmaul��_s sign
Lentigenes, Atrial myxomas, Mucocutaneous myxomas, Blue nevi/Nevi, Atrial myx., Myxoid neurofibroma, Ephelides (freckles)
LAMB/NAME syndrome
NMJ disease, Anti-presynaptic Ca2+ channel, proximal muscle weakness improving with use (contrast with MG); assoc with small cell lung CA
Lambert-Eaton Syndrome
8q24.1; Multiple cone-shaped epiphyses, multiple cartilaginous exostoses, upturned nares, bulbous nasal tip, large ears
Langer-Giedion syndrome (Tricho-rhino-phalangeal type II)
Ulcerative colitis
�_�Lead pipe�_� appearance of colon
Mitochondrial DNA disorder; subacute bilateral central vision loss; retinal microangiopathy
Leber��_s hereditary optic neuropathy
Idiopathic avascular necrosis of femoral head
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
Subacute necrotizing encephalopathy, mitochondrial disorder
Leigh disease
Lentigenes, ECG abn., Ocular hypertelorism, Pulm. stenosis, Abnormal genitalia, Retardation of growth, Deafness
LEOPARD syndrome
Radial growth phase of melanoma
Lentigo maligna
HGPRT deficiency; hyperuricemia, gout, self-mutilation, choreoathetosis, aggression
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
Seborrheic keratosis associated with visceral malignancy
Leser-Trelat sign
Acute disseminated Langherhans cell histiocytosis; hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, pancytopenia, infections, pulmonary involvement
Letterer-Siwe disease
Parkinsonism with dementia; hallucinations; _-synuclein defect
Lewy body disease
Electric shock-like pain radiating down the spine or legs with neck flexion (in MS)
Lhermitte��_s sign
p53 mutation Familial cancer syndrome; increased incidence of soft tissue sarcomas and other malignancies
Li-Fraumeni syndrome
Cardiac lesion in SLE
Libman-Sacks endocarditis
Pigmented iris hamartomas in von Recklinghausen��_s
Lisch nodules
Tarsometatarsal joint
Lisfranc��_s joint
Pulmonary ascariasis and hepatitis
Loeffler��_s syndrome
Endomyocardial fibrosis with eosinophilic infiltrate
L_ffler��_s syndrome
Sacrcoidosis, erythema nodosum, hilar lymphadenopathy, anterior uveitis, polyarthritis
L_fgren syndrome
Calcaneal fracture, usually involves subtalar joint
Lover��_s fracture
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (>30% involvement)
Lyell��_s syndrome
HNPCC, high risk for malignancy
Lynch syndrome
Transverse cervical ligament
Cardinal ligament of Mackenrodt
Blue lesions, dyschondroplasia, osteochondromas
Mafucci��_s syndrome
Periportal space
Mall��_s space
Alcoholic hepatitis
Mallory bodies
Mucosal and submucosal esophageal tears
Mallory-Weiss tears
Juvenile multiple sclerosis
Marburg disease
Ankylosing spondylosis
Marie-Strumpell disease
Fibrillin deficiency; arachnodactyly, ectopia lentis, aordic dissection/dissecting aneurysm, MVP
Marfan syndrome
Mullerian agenesis; absent cervix, uterus, vagina, but normal hormones
Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome
In onchocerciasis (from dying organisms): Fever, rash, ocular damage, joint pains, lymphangitis, hypotension, pyrexia, respiratory distress, prostration
Mazzotti reaction
RHD; White plaques in posterior LA from turbulent flow
McCallum plaques
Persistent vitelline duct; 2 in. long, 2ft from ileocecal valve, 2% of pop., 1st 2 yrs of life, 2 epithelial types
Meckel��_s diverticulum
Bilateral ovarian fibroma; hydrothorax, ascites
Meig��_s syndrome
Orofacial dystonia; dystonia and tardive dyskinesia
Meige��_s syndrome
Recurrent facial paralysis, swelling of lips, development of tongue folds
Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome
Chemical pneumonitis caused by aspiration during anesthesia; assoc with obstetric anesthesia
Mendelson��_s syndrome
Gastric hypertrophy with protein loss, parietal cell atrophy, and ��_mucous cells. Precancerous
Menetrier��_s disease
Tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo
Meniere��_s disease
�_�Kinky hair disease; X-linked-recessive Cu deficiency; hypotonia, sagging facial features, MR, brittle hair, metaphyseal widening
Menkes disease
Rare, potentially lethal neuroendocrine tumor
Merkel cell CA
Lacrimal and salivary gland enlargement 2��_ to leukemia, sarcoid
Mikulicz syndrome
17p13.3-; microcephaly, lissencephaly, pachygyria, seizures, MR
Miller-Dieker syndrome
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase autoantibodies
Extrinsic obstruction of common hepatic duct by cystic duct stone
Mirizzi syndrome
Calcifications of tunica media; esp. radial/ulnar; ��_pipestem��_ arteries
Monckeburg��_s arteriosclerosis
Thrombophlebitis of superficial breast veins
Mondor��_s disease
Ulnar fx with dislocation of radial head
Monteggia fracture
Mucopolysaccharidosis (Type IV), urine keratin sulfate, dwarfism, short neck, protruding sternum, kyphosis, flat nose, prominent upper jaw, waddling gait, multiple fractures
Morquio syndrome
Tender neuroma between 3rd and 4th toes; caused by high-heeled pointed shoes
Morton neuroma
Basal cerebral rete mirabile; segmental stenosis of ICAs
Moyamoya
Acute guttate parapsoriasis / Pityriasis lichenoides at varioliformis acuta; Papulonecrotic papules
Mucha-Habermann disease
Urticaria, deafness, amyloidosis, episodic fever
Muckle-Wells syndrome
Associated with psoriasis
Munro��_s abscesses
Cutaneous t-cell lymphoma; resembles psoriasis
Mycoses fungoides
Neural intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions; seen in rabies
Negri bodies
ASIS to ischial tuberosity; passes over greater trochanter
Nelaton��_s line
Post-adrenalectomy overgrowth of pituitary adenoma
Nelson��_s syndrome
Turner-like syndrome affecting males, short stature, MR, webbed neck, PS, pectus excavatum
Noonan syndrome
Cecal dilatation in bedridden/critically ill patients
Ogilvie syndrome
Idiopathic hypoventilation syndrome
Ondine��_s curse
Hoarseness; Enlarged LA impinges on recurrent laryngeal nerve
Ortner��_s syndrome
Traction apophysitis of tibial tubercle; overuse injury
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Painful nodules at pads of fingers and toes; in IE
Osler��_s nodes
Polycythemia vera
Osler-Vaquez disease
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (nosebleeds, skin discoloration)
Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome
Ovarian enlargement, ascites, hypovolemia, shock (side effect of ovulation induction)
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Osteitis deformans, unknown etiology; bone pain, high-output failure, hearing loss, osteosarcoma
Paget disease of bone
Small intestine; base of crypts of Lieberkuhn; prominent eosinophilic apical granules; defensive cells; long-lived
Paneth cells
Neoplastic T-cells in epidermis; Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Pautrier microabscesses
Iron granules
Pappenheimer bodies
Assoc with cat-scratch disease, tularemia, unilateral conjunctivitis with preauricular LAD
Parinaud conjunctivitis
Pineal tumor; sunset eyes, loss of upward gaze
Parinaud syndrome
Junctions of: cystic/common bile duct, 2nd/3rd part of duodenum, neck/body of pancreas; most common location of gastrinomas
Passaro��_s triangle
Palatopharyngeal sphincter
Passavant��_s ridge
Microphthalmia, microcephaly, brain abnormalities, CLAP, polydactyly, rocker-bottom feet, CHD
Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)
Night terror; stage 3-4 sleep; seen in children
Pavor nocturnus
Facial suffusion, syncope on arm-raising due to retrosternal goiter
Pemberton��_s sign
Thyroid organification defect, hearing loss
Pendred syndrome
Benign polyposis; perioral hyperpigmentation
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
Bent penis; acquired fibrous tissue formation
Peyronie��_s disease
Turribrachycephaly, syndactyly, broad thumbs and 1st toes; autosomal dominant
Pfeiffer syndrome
Frontotemporal dementia; intracellular tau protein
Pick��_s disease
Hypertension, cor pulmonale, polycythemia, OSA, obesity
Pickwickian syndrome
Micrognathia, glossoptosis, cleft palate
Pierre-Robin sequence
Hyperthyroidism, nodular goiter, absence of exophthalmos
Plummer disease
Atrophic glossitis, esophageal webs, IDA
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
Amastia, rib defects, chest wall hypoplasia, brachysyndactyly
Poland syndrome
Portal vein (posterior), common bile duct (ant. R), hepatic artery (ant. L) in hepatoduodenal lig.
Portal triad
Eversion injury; avulsion of medial malleolus, fibular fx
Pott��_s fracture
Bilateral renal agenensis; oligohydramnios; limb and facial deformities; pulmonary hypoplasia
Potter��_s syndrome
Inguinal ligament
Poupart��_s ligament
Obesity, hypogonadism, hypotonia, mental retaradation, 15q11-13
Prader-Willi syndrome
��_ 10mmHg in BP on inspiration (cardiac tamponade, OSA, asthma, pericarditis, croup)
Pulsus paradoxus (Kussmaul��_s pulse)
Aortic stenosis; delayed upstroke of carotid pulse
Pulsus parvus et tardus
Sudden loss of vision in Pt with acute pancreatitis; cotton-wool spots/hemorrhages at macula
Purtscher��_s retinopathy
Angioedema
Quincke��_s edema
Herpes Zoster; Facial palsy, ageusia in anterior 2/3 of tongue, vesicles in EAC
Ramsay-Hunt syndrome
Ghon focus + perihilar lymph node
Ranke focus
CD30+ and CD15+ giant B-cells, ��_owl��_s eye,��_ characteristic of Hodgkin��_s lymphoma
Reed-Sternberg cells
Defect in phytanic acid oxidation; AR; Neuropathy, retinal pigmentation, ataxia, anosmia, deafness, skin lesions, �_� CSF proteins
Refsum disease
Stapes, styloid, lesser horn of hyoid, stylohyoid lig.
Reichert��_s cartilage
Found in Leydig cells in adults; function unknown
Reinke��_s crystals
Inhibitory cells in ventral horn of spinal cord; inhibited by tetanus toxin
Renshaw cells
Common in girls, midline handwringing, regression, sighing, ataxia, bruxism, seizures
Rett syndrome
Retropubic space
Space of Retzius
Charcot��_s triad plus hypotension and mental status changes
Reynold��_s pentad
Tyrosine aminotransferase deficiency (Type II tyrosinemia)
Richner-Hanhart syndrome
Thyroid replacement by fibrous tissue, unknown etiology
Riedel thyroiditis
Familial dysautonomia
Riley-Day syndrome
SMA and IMA collateral
Arc of Riolan
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
Ritter��_s disease
Long arms of two acrocentric chromosomes join with common centromere with loss of short arms
Robertsonian translocation
Onchocerciasis/�_�river blindness�_�
Robles disease
Gallbladder mucosa penetrating into muscularis layer; early indicator of pathologic change, seen in chronic cholecystitis
Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses
PIlocytic astrocytoma; eosinophilic corkscrew fibers in astrocytes
Rosenthal fibers
Nodes between pectoralis major and minor
Rotter��_s nodes
16p13-; Microcephaly, ptosis, beaked nose, low philtrum, broad thumbs, large toes, MR
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
Intramural portion of ureter (ureterovesical valve)
Valve of Sampson
Nasal polyp, ASA sensitivity, asthma
Samter��_s triad
Lipid metabolism disorder, hexaminidase a and b deficiency
Sandhoff disease
Progressive pigmented purpuric dermatitis
Schamberg disease
Submucosal ring in lower esophagus; assoc. w/ drug intake; not assoc. with CA
Schatzi��_s ring
Laminated concretions of Ca and proteins, seen in sarcoidosis
Schaumann bodies
Dialysis access procedure; uses Teflon tube with 2 needles
Scribner shunt
Hematogenous invasion of mycosis fungoides
Sezary-Lutzner syndrome
Piebaldism, Hirschsprung��_s disease
Shah-Waardenburg syndrome
Multiple systems atrophy; Parkinsonism; UMN/LMN, cerebellar, autonomic dysfunction
Shy-Drager syndrome
Dry eye, dry mouth
Sicca syndrome
Pituitary cachexia; generalized panhypopituitarism
Simmonds disease
MEN IIa
Sipple Syndrome
Dry eye, dry mouth, (sicca syndrome), plus autoimmune disease (commonly RA)
Sjogren syndrome
Paraurethral glands (homologous to prostate); lateral and inferior to urethral meatus
Skene��_s glands
Deep fibular nerve entrapment
Ski-boot syndrome
17p11.2; Brachycephaly, midface hypoplasia, prognathism, myopia, short stature
Smith-Magenis
Hyperglycemia following hypoglycemia (as in post-breakfast)
Somogyi effect
LGA, MR, hydrocephalus, pointed chin
Sotos syndrome
Hernia along the lateral border of rectus abdominis
Spigelian hernia
Nevus with cytologic atypia; resembles hemangioma; always benign
Spitz nevus
Hepatic dysfunction as paraneoplastic syndrome of Renal Cell CA
Stauffer syndrome
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Stein-Leventhal syndrome
Parotid duct
Stensen��_s duct
Lymphangiosarcoma in post-mastectomy, post-RT patients
Stewart-Treves sydrome
Juvenile Rheumatoid arthritis
Still disease
Syncope and convulsions 2��_ to complete heart block, HR<40
Stokes-Adams syndrome
�_�Port wine�_� stain on face, leptomeningeal angiomatosis
Sturg-Weber disease
Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis; Red plaques/nodules on head, neck, UE; neutrophilic infiltrate
Sweet��_s syndrome
SCID; T and B cell deficiency; severe infections, failure to thrive, GvH disease
Swiss-type agammaglobulinemia
Acatalasemia
Takahara��_s disease
Familial _-lipoprotein deficiency, low HDL, orange/yellow tonsils
Tangier��_s disease
Type VII glycogen storage disease, muscle PFK deficiency, least common; hemolytic anemia, muscle weakness
Tarui disease
Gastrocnemius strain
�_�Tennis leg�_�
Coronary sinus valve at RA
Thebesian valve
Myotonia congenital; tonic muscle spasms
Thomsen��_s disease
Aseptic costochondritis of rib cartilage
Tietze��_s syndrome
RSBI (rapid shallow breathing index); freq/TV, if 105, 80% failure
Tobin index
Sebaceous adenomas, multiple GI CA, laryngeal, GU, endomet CA
Torre syndrome
Mandibulofacial dystosis (also known as Franceschetti syndrome)
Treacher Collins syndrome
Migratory thrombophlebitis; pancreatic/visceral CA
Trousseau��_s phenomenon
Muscle spasm from pressure applied to upper ex.; due to hypocalcemia
Trousseau��_s sign
TSC-1 and -2 mutation; angiofibroma and renal angiomyolipoma
Tuberous sclerosis
Adenomatous polyps + gliomas
Turcot syndrome
Flank ecchymoses (acute pancreatitis)
[Grey]-Turner sign
Female hypogonadism, short stature, webbed neck, shield-like chest
Turner syndrome (XO)
Secretes smegma; preputial gland
Tyson��_s gland
Retinitis pigmentosa, hearing loss
Usher syndrome
VIPoma; WDHA syndrome, Watery Diarrhea, Hypokalemia, Achlorhydria
Verner-Morrison syndrome
Supraclavicular nodes
Virchow��_s nodes
Stasis, hypercoagulability, endothelial damage
Virchow��_s triad
Vitiligo, aseptic meningitis, uveitis, tinnitus, dysacusis
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome
Forearm muscle contracture 2��_ to supracondylar fracture of the humerus and subsequent brachial artery spasm
Volkmann��_s contracture
Lingual glands
[serous glands of] Von Ebner
Failure of upper eyelid to follow downward gaze; in Graves
Von Graefe��_s sign
Hemangioblastomas of retina/cerebellum/medulla; assoc with Renal Cell CA; deleted VHL gene; chromosome 3p
Von Hippel-Lindau disease
Neurofibromatosis
Von Recklinghausen��_s disease
Osteitis fibrosa cystica, ��_brown tumor��_
Von Recklinghausen��_s disease of bone
Psoriasis variant; Fever, generalized sterile pustules
Von Zumbusch pustular psoriasis
Piebaldism, congenital SNHL, dystopia canthorum, heterochromic irises, broad nasal root
Waardenburg syndrome
Wilms tumor, Aniridia, GU malformations, mental Retardation
WAGR Syndrome
Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, related to multiple myeloma
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
Papillary cystademona lymphomatosum, usually in parotid
Warthin tumors
Multinucleate giant cells; seen in measles
Warthin-Finkeldy cells
Septic shock 2��_ to meningococcemia (MRS); Adrenal hemorrhage in meningococcemia (1st Aid)
Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome
For urinary porphobilinogen; Acute intermittent porphyria
Watson-Schwartz test
Friction-induced ischial bursitis
Weaver��_s bottom
Necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper resp., focal necrotizing vasculitis, necrotizing GN; c-ANCA
Wegener��_s granulomatosis
Store P-selectins
Weibel-Palade bodies
Infantile spinal muscular atrophy; �_�floppy baby;�_� AR
Werdnig-Hoffman disease
MEN-1
Wermer syndrome
Encephalopathy due to thiamin deficiency; common in alcoholics
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Diminished pulmonary vascular markings, in PE
Westermark��_s sign
Malabsorption syndrome; Tropheryma whippelii (G+), PAS-positive macrophages in lamina propria, mesenteric nodes; idiopathic steatorrhea
Whipple��_s disease
Symptomatic fasting hypoglycemia, FBS <50mg/dL, relief of symptoms with glucose admin; seen in insulinoma
Whipple��_s triad
Lichen planus, white plaques
Wickham striae
Friendly, talkative; elfin facies; MR, AS, hypercalcemia
Williams syndrome
Omental foramen (communication bet. greater and lesser sac)
Foramen of Winslow
Enlargement of posterior auricular nodes seen in T. gambiense infection
Winterbottom��_s sign
X-linked IgM defect; recurrent infections, thrombocytopenic purpura; eczema; �_� IgA
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
4p-; �_�Greek helmet�_� facies, ptosis, strabismus, nystagmus, hypospadias, MR
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome
Inhibition of thyroid hormone organification by excess I-
Wolff-Chaikoff effect
Type 1 DM, DI, optic atrophy, SNHL, bladder dysfunction
Wolfram sydrome
Seen in mature arterial thrombi
Lines of Zahn
Neuroectodermal round/oval chief cells; in carotid body tumors
Zellballen nests
Cerebrohepatorenal syndrome; absent peroxisomes in all tissues
Zellweger��_s syndrome
False diverticulum above cricopharyngeus; mucosal herniation; halitosis, dysphagia, obstruction
Zenker��_s diverticulum
Paraaortic ganglia/bodies (can be a site of pheochromocytoma)
Zuckerkandl��_s bodies
